Question | Answer |
Metabolism | All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
Where do cells get the energy they need to perform chemical reactions? | The food you eat |
Energy | The ability to. Move or change matter |
Activation energy | Energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
What provides activation energy to start a chemical reaction? | ATP |
What do all chemical reactions require to. Break chemical bonds and begin the reaction | Activation energy |
Reactants | Starting materials for chemical reactions |
Products | Newly formed substances of a chemical reaction |
what does the chemical reactions in your metabolism? | Enzymes |
Synthesis | Enzymes react with 2 substrate molecules. Substrates join together making one single product (build up) |
Degredation | Enzymes react with a single substrate molecule. Substrate is broken apart to make 2 substrate molecules. (Break down) |
Anabolic | Building reaction |
Catabolic | Break down reaction |
Enzymes | Protein catalysts that carry out chemical reactions of metabolism |
What do enzymes do? | Lower activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction so chemical reactions can occur at los temperatures. Increase the speed of chemical reactions. |
Catalysts | Chemicals that reduce the activation energy of the reaction (enzymes are these) |
Substrate | Substance on which an enzyme reacts during a chemical reaction |
Why do enzymes only react on one specific substrate? | Because of its specific size and shape |
Active site | Where enzymes do chemical reactions on the substrate |
Exergonic reaction | Energy released |
Endogonic | Energy absorbed |
What is the lock and key hypothesis? | Enzymes activity site has a particular shape into which the substrate or substrates fit exactly |
What is the induced fit hypothesis? | The active site in many enzymes is not exactly the same shape as the substrate but molds itself around the substrate as the enzyme substrate complex is formed |
Step 1 | Substrate enter active site; enzyme changes shape so its active site embraces the substrates (induced fit) |
Step 2 | Substrate held in active siteby weak interactions |
Step 3 | Active site can lower activation energy and speed up a reaction by stressing the substrates putting tension in specific bonds moving it towards a transition state |
Step 4 | Substrates are converted into products |
Step 5 | Products are released |
Step 6 | Active site is available for 2 new substrates |
Where do enzymes operate most efficiently | In a narrow range of temperature and pH values |
Temperature out of the narrow range can do what to the enzyme? | Break or strengthen some of the bonds ans change the shape |
What is the general rule for non enzymatic reactions? | The higher the temperature the faster the reaction |
What is the maximum efficient gemperaturefor an enzyme? | 40-45 C |
Denatured | When the enzyme gets too hot or too out of its pH level and the bonds in the structure are broken and the enzyme can no longer function |
A pH value outside the effiicient range can do what to the enzyme? | Break hydrogen bonds and change the shape of the enzyme making it unable to do a specific chemical reaction |
Why are enzymes so sensitive to changes in pH? | Great sensitivity of their active site |
What pH do most enzymes work best in? | 7 |