| Question | Answer |
| Metabolism | All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| Where do cells get the energy they need to perform chemical reactions? | The food you eat |
| Energy | The ability to. Move or change matter |
| Activation energy | Energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| What provides activation energy to start a chemical reaction? | ATP |
| What do all chemical reactions require to. Break chemical bonds and begin the reaction | Activation energy |
| Reactants | Starting materials for chemical reactions |
| Products | Newly formed substances of a chemical reaction |
| what does the chemical reactions in your metabolism? | Enzymes |
| Synthesis | Enzymes react with 2 substrate molecules. Substrates join together making one single product (build up) |
| Degredation | Enzymes react with a single substrate molecule. Substrate is broken apart to make 2 substrate molecules. (Break down) |
| Anabolic | Building reaction |
| Catabolic | Break down reaction |
| Enzymes | Protein catalysts that carry out chemical reactions of metabolism |
| What do enzymes do? | Lower activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction so chemical reactions can occur at los temperatures. Increase the speed of chemical reactions. |
| Catalysts | Chemicals that reduce the activation energy of the reaction (enzymes are these) |
| Substrate | Substance on which an enzyme reacts during a chemical reaction |
| Why do enzymes only react on one specific substrate? | Because of its specific size and shape |
| Active site | Where enzymes do chemical reactions on the substrate |
| Exergonic reaction | Energy released |
| Endogonic | Energy absorbed |
| What is the lock and key hypothesis? | Enzymes activity site has a particular shape into which the substrate or substrates fit exactly |
| What is the induced fit hypothesis? | The active site in many enzymes is not exactly the same shape as the substrate but molds itself around the substrate as the enzyme substrate complex is formed |
| Step 1 | Substrate enter active site; enzyme changes shape so its active site embraces the substrates (induced fit) |
| Step 2 | Substrate held in active siteby weak interactions |
| Step 3 | Active site can lower activation energy and speed up a reaction by stressing the substrates putting tension in specific bonds moving it towards a transition state |
| Step 4 | Substrates are converted into products |
| Step 5 | Products are released |
| Step 6 | Active site is available for 2 new substrates |
| Where do enzymes operate most efficiently | In a narrow range of temperature and pH values |
| Temperature out of the narrow range can do what to the enzyme? | Break or strengthen some of the bonds ans change the shape |
| What is the general rule for non enzymatic reactions? | The higher the temperature the faster the reaction |
| What is the maximum efficient gemperaturefor an enzyme? | 40-45 C |
| Denatured | When the enzyme gets too hot or too out of its pH level and the bonds in the structure are broken and the enzyme can no longer function |
| A pH value outside the effiicient range can do what to the enzyme? | Break hydrogen bonds and change the shape of the enzyme making it unable to do a specific chemical reaction |
| Why are enzymes so sensitive to changes in pH? | Great sensitivity of their active site |
| What pH do most enzymes work best in? | 7 |
