definition | term |
a type pf cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes; therefore, it is referred to as reduction division | meiosis |
the DNA on chromosomes that is arranged in the segments that control the production of proteins | genes |
an alternative form of a single gene passed from generation to generation | allele |
the form of trait that appeared in the F1 generation a gene that will always show itself | dominant |
the form of trait that was masked in the F1 generation; gene that is overshadowed | recessive |
the organisms allele pairs | genotype |
the observable characteristics or outward expression of an allele pair | phenotype |
an organism that has two of the same alleles for a= a particular trait | homozygous |
an organism that has 2 different alleles for a particular trait | heterozygous |
states that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis | law of segregation |
states that random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation | law of independent assortment |
the P generation | parent generation |
used to predict the possible offspring of a cross between two known genotypes | punnet square |
phenotypic traits arise from the interaction of multiple pairs of genes | polygenic traits |
both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition | codominance |
the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate phenotype between the 2 homozygous phenotypes | incomplete dominance |
a cross that involves hybrids for a single trait | monohybrid cross |
a cross that examines simultaneous inheritance of two or more traits in the same plant | dihybrid cross |
two cells from different parents unite to produce first cell of new division | sexual reproduction |
generation in a breeding experiment that is successive to a mating between parents of two distinctively different but usually relatively pure genotypes | filial generation |
some traits will be dominant over others | |