Term | Definition |
Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
Mass | the material that matter is made of |
Volume | how much room/space matter takes up |
Density | D=m/v the amount of material/stuff matter takes up within a specific space |
Atom | smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
Electron | particle of an atom that surrounds the nucleus, it has a negative charge and an attractive force that allows it to bond with other atoms |
Proton | particle of an atom located inside the nucleus with a positive charge |
Neutron | no charge located inside the nucleus with the proton/ particle of an atom that is natural |
Periodic Table | a large grid that identifies and classifies all the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
Element | They make up all the matter in the universe/ is the simplest substance that can't be broken down |
periods/rows | tells how many energy levels each element has for the electrons to move around by rows |
Groups or family/columns | columns that shows how many valence electrons each element has / the number of electrons that can move in its outer shell / energy level |
Valence electrons | energy level of an atom / electrons that move on the outer shell |
Atomic number | how many protons an element has inside the nucleus / usually is the same # of neutrons and electrons |
Atomic mass | the measurement of the mass for an elements atom |
Chemical property | the ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
Physical property | the state of matter and appearance of a substance |
Ionic bond | when elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
Covalent bond | when elements share electrons during bonding |
Chemical change / reaction | elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
Compound / molecule | two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio / pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
Mixture | two or more substances combined together keeping their original properties, they do NOT change into a whole new substance / compound |
Noble gases | all of the elements in group #18 - they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
Halogens | all of the elements in group #17 - the are very reactive bonding easily with elements in group #1 because they have seven valence electrons and want to be stable |
Alkali metals | all of the elements in group #1 - they are very reactive because they have only one valence electrons |
Metalloids | elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3 - 7 valence electrons |