Question | Answer |
Define health promotion | Any activity undertaken for the purpose of achieving a high level of health and well-being |
Define Health | Physical, mental, psychosocial well being |
What is morbidity? | The occurrence of disease; reported sickness; disease rate of a population |
What is mortality? | The occurrence of death; reported deaths; death rate of a population |
Define illness | The subjective feeling of being sick |
Define disease | Malfunctioning/maladaptation of biological or psychological processes; could result in shortening of lifespan; affects body functions; objective |
What is the personal definition of health? | People;s perspectives of their own health in relation to their cultural beliefs, morals and values |
Discuss the holistic health health model to understand the relationship btwn patients attitudes towards health and health practices | focuses on the all dimensions of the client, as important aspects of physical wellness. Consider clients the ultimate experts regarding their own health and respect clients' subjective experience as relevant in maintaining health or assisting in healing. |
How do nurses utilize the holistic health model in the field to accommodate their patient in regards to their beliefs& plan of care | Recognize natural healing abilities of the body& incorporate complementary and alternative interventions such as music therapy, reminiscence, relaxation therapy, therapeutic touch, and guided imagery to accommodate pt. beliefs; integrate w. trad.med. care |
Give and example of applying the holistic health model to help a patient | A patient who wants to give natural birth (does not believe in medication) uses music and relaxation therapy to control pain and stress during labor |
Describe situations which place patient care at risk if health promotion is neglected | diabetics/obese people are at risk for heart attack/hypertension if diet is uncontrolled; immobile patients are at risk for impaired skin integrity so exercise (ROM) is imperative, exercise to reduce muscle atrophy |
Describe internal variables and how they impact beliefs and practices | Patient Perception of Symptoms: pt. often dismiss small symptoms, and only seek help for more severe issues considered life threatening such as chest pains; Nature of Illness: Acute v. chronic- acute illness- pt seeks more likely to seek care |
Describe internal variables and how they impact beliefs and practices cont'd | Developmental Stage: Not recognize signs and symptoms, Intellectual background: knowledge based beliefs about health make an impact, Emotional factors: degree of stress, fear, anxiety-coping, Spiritual factors: how does person live their life?purpose&hope |
Describe external variables and how they impact beliefs and practices | Visibility of Symptoms: affects body image/pt with visible symptom more likely to seek help; Social Group: assist or hinder recognition of symptoms; cultural background: teaches person how to be healthy& influences health decisions |
Describe external variables and how they impact beliefs and practices cont'd | Economic variables: influence the way a person reacts to illness, some ppl delay treatment due to $ circumstances; Accessibility: Goes hand in hand with economic treatment, people w/o access to affordable treatment often delay seeking help |
Describe health promotion, wellness, illness prevention activities/strategies | health promotion includes maintaining good diet/education on importance of exercise, wellness includes educate pt on self care (i.e stress management) illness prevention- immunizations; they assist pt. in maintaining and improving health |
What are the 3 levels of preventive care? | Primary, Secondary, Tertiary |
What is Primary preventive care? | True prevention; precedes disease/dysfunction; applied to pt. considered physically&emotionally healthy; include health education programs, immunizations, and physical& nutritional fitness programs |
What is Secondary preventive care? | Focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications/worsening conditions; most care delivered in homes, hospitals, nursing facilities; includes screening techniques/prevention interventions |
What is Tertiary preventive care? | occurs when defect or disability is permanent and irreversible; involves minimizing effects of long-term disease/disability by interventions directed at preventing complications& deterioration; include rehabilitation; prevent further disability |
Describe the role of the nurse with health promotion | responsible for fostering well-being, self actualization, and personal fulfillment and to promote positive attitudes&behaviors; Model healthy lifestyle behaviors/attitudes; educate pt. on self-care strategies to enhance fitness/improve nutrition; stress |
Describe how Healthy People 2020 Goals impact Americans | Goals for the nation as a whole to strive for; promotes health promotion to obtain goals; Brings awareness to issues at hand regarding health (what were trying to overcome (i.e. obesity)) |
What is an acute illness? | Usually reversible, has a short duration, and is often severe. Symptoms appear abruptly, are intense, and often subside after a relatively short period of time. May affect functioning in any dimension |
What is a chronic illness? | Persists, usually longer than 6 months, is irreversible, affects functioning in one or more systems. r/t 4 modifiable health behaviors: physical inactivity, poor nutrition, use of tobacco, excessive alcohol consumption; have varying degree of funct.limits |
Describe variables influencing illness behavior | Personal history, social situations, social norms, and past experiences; in addition: internal and external variables effect illness behavior as well |
Define family | family is defined biologically, legally, or as social network with personally constructed ties and ideologies |
Describe the different definitions of family | For some pt., family is includes only persons related by marriage, birth, or adoption. To others aunts, uncles, close friends, co-habitating persons, and even pets are family |
Identify different family structures around the U.S | Nuclear family: consists of 2 parents and their children, Extended family: includes aunts, uncles and grandparents, Blended families: 2 parents and their unrelated children from previous relationships, singleparent family: when 1 parent leaves nuclear fam |
Discuss current trends that impact family forms and impact nursing | Families are smaller, couples are having no children, remarriage results in blended families, homosexual couples are family units, women are delaying childbirth, divorce rates are increased, single parent families are prevalent, america is aging |
Identify risk factors to family health | Divorce, adolescent parenting, violence, substance abuse, the chronic ally ill child/the child with special needs |
Describe the authoritarian parenting style | Have high expectations, strict rules, always in control (my way or the highway); very critical, don't provide kids with choices/options, expect orders to be obeyed w/o explanation, utilize punishment rather than discipline, no open communication |
Describe permissive parenting style | Set few rules/limitations if any, limited involvement in children's life, care for children but do not discipline or provide structure for children; weak sense of responsibility, remain dependent on others, more likely to experiment with drugs |
Describe authoritative parenting | Equally responsive and demanding, set clear standards for child conduct, disciplinary methods are supportive, assertive but not intrusive and restrictive, want children to be assertive& socially responsible, cooperative and self regulated, negotiate/comm. |
Describe the roles and functions of the family | Reproduction, interaction to socialize young, cooperation to meet economic needs, relates to larger society, contributes to education, support system, also focuses on processes used by the family to achieve goals |
Discuss the role of families and family members as caregivers | Common for families to take in their parents as they age vs. putting them in nursing homes; usually role of the daughter or daughter in law, Conflicting responsibilities for aging parents, children, spouse, job, may not focus on health care |
Describe the developmental stage and sociocultural variables that impact family functioning | Refer to table 10-1 on page 120! :) |