Term | Definition |
phospholipid bilayer | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is structural component in cell membranes |
chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
nuclear envelope | the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
nucleolus | the part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized |
ribosome | a type of RNA that can act as an enzyme |
mitochondria | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the sire of cellular respiration, which produces ATP |
endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids. |
Golgi apparatus | a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
cytoskeleton | the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division |
microtubule | one of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement |
microfilament | a fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement |
cilium | a hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells |
flagellum | a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move |
centriole | an organelle that is active during mitosis |