Penicillins | weaken cell wall/safest |
Penicillin G | narrow spectrum/ pencilinase sensitive/treats pneumonia, meningitis, gas gangrene/allergy |
Allergy type | immediate/ accelerated/late |
Anaphylaxis | laryngeal edema/bronchoconstriction/hypotension |
Allergy treatment | epinephrine/respiratory support/ prevention-skin test |
Cephalosporins | beta lactam/bactericidal/high therapeutic index/ given parenterally/allergy/bleeding/thrombophelbitis |
First generation | Cefazolin/cephalexin/gram positive/prophylaxis |
Second generation | Cefotetan/Cefaclor/Cefoxitin-abdominal inf./ H.flu & URI |
Third generation | Ceftriaxone/ meningitis, gonorrhea, severe infection, UTI |
Fourth generation | Cefepime/use for CSF |
3rd& 4th generation | increased activity against gram negative bacteria/increase resistance to beta lactamses/increased ability to reach CSF |
Carbapenems | beta-lactam with low toxicity |
Imipenem | staph, gram + & -, bone, joint, skin, soft tissue/ MVA/ gi-n/v, diarrhea, rash, pruritus/ give IV only |
Vancomycin | inhibits cell wall/active against gram +/severe infections MRSA/ototoxicity, red person syndrome, thrombophlebitis, allergy |
Monobactams | Aztreonam/inhibits cell wall/narrow spectrum/ active against gram - aerobic bacteria/ H.Flu, E.coli, severe systemic infections/ must be given IM or IV/ pain & thrombophlebitis @ injection site |
Fosfomycin | single dose therapy/ UTI caused by e.coli/ diarrhea & headache |
Tetracyclines | broad spectrum/ inhibits protein synthesis/emerging resistance due to extensive use/ bacteriostatic/ Rocky mountain fever, typhus fever, chlamydia, brucellosis, cholera, lyme diease |
Tetracycline Adverse Effects | absorption decreased when given with calcium, milk, iron/ give 2hrs before or 2hrs after/ GI cramps, n/v, diarrhea, photosensitive, effect on bone, teeth (yellow/brown), superinfection, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity |
Doxycycline | long acting agent/ given once daily/ can be taken with food/periodontal disease, lyme disease, anthrax, gum disease |
Macrolides | very big molecules/ broad spectrum/ gram + & - |
Erythromycin | use if allergic to penicillin, pneumonia, whooping cough, acute diphtheria/ can be taken with food/ GI-n/v, diarrhea/ cholestatic hepatitis- n/v, jaundice/sudden cardiac death/ stay away from pts who has cardiac problems |
Other Macrolides | Clarithromycin- resp. tract inf. & h. pylori/ Azithromycin- resp. tract inf. & otitis media/ ear & sinus inf. |
Clindamycin | inhibits protein synthesis/indicated only for certain anaerobic inf. located outside CNS/group A & gas gangrene/ can induce AAPMC-super inf. of bowel/ renal toxicity- kidneys & liver/ hepatic toxicity |
Linezolid | first member of new class of antibiotics-oxazolidinones/ active against VRE & MRSA/ diarrhea, nausea, headache |
Telthromycin | first rep of the ketolides class/ effective against strains of strep/ GI-n/v, diarrhea, gray syndrome, visual disturbances |
Chloramphenicol | broad spectrum/ inhibits protein synthesis/ only for life-threating inf./ reversible bone marrow depression, fatal aplastic anemia, gray syndrome, gi effects, peripheral neurpathy |
Tigecycline | MRSA & complicated intraabdominal inf./ n/v |
Pleuromutlin | Retapamulin-topical antibiotic for impetigo/ Mupirocin- bactroban specific for clearing nostrils of MRSA |
Aminoglycosides | narrow spectrum/ bactericidal but needs oxygen/ microbial resistance/ aerobic gram -, serious inf./ risk serious injury to ear & kidney/ ototoxicity-tinnitus, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade, hypersensitivity, drug interaction w/pcn- cannot mix |
Gentmicin | serious inf. caused by gram-/ pseudomonas, E.coli, kiebsiella, serrtia/ nephrotoxicity/ ototoxicity |
Sulfonamides | broad spectrum/ bacteriostatic/ suppress bacterial growth by folic acid/ UTI/ hypersensitivity- rash, photo, stevens-johnson syndrome, crystalluria- drink water/ intensifies with warfarin |