| Term | Definition |
| Microbiology | the biology of organisms that cannot bee seen with the "naked" eye |
| Microorganisms/microbes | "germs" or "bugs" |
| Microbiology includes... | viruses, bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa, helminths |
| Antonio van Leeuwenhoek | "Father of Microscope"
began making and using simple microscopes
examined water and visualized tiny creatures
ANIMALCULES |
| By the end of what century they were called microbes/microorganisms | 19th |
| What Leeuwenhoek could have seen: | fungi, protozoa, algae, bacteria, archaea, small animals |
| people from the past thought living things arose from 3 processes: | asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, or from nonliving matter |
| Who proposed spontaneous generation? | Aristotle |
| Spontaneous generation | living things can arise from nonliving matter (abiogenesis) |
| Redi's experiments | -when decaying meat was kept isolated from files, maggots never developed
-meat exposed to files was soon infested
-as a result, scientists began to doubt Aristotle's theory |
| Pasteur's expeiments | -when the "swan-necked" flasks remained upright, no microbial growth appeared
-when the flask was tilted, dust from the bend in the neck sweeped back into the flask and made the infusion cloudy with microbes within a day |
| Koch's Postulates | -suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy hosts
-agent must be isolated and grown outside of host
-when the agent is introduced into a healthy, susceptible host, the host must get the disease
-same |
| Semmelweis | handwashing |
| Lister | antiseptic technique |
| Snow | infection control and epidemiology |
| epidemiology | study of spread of disease |
| Jenner | vaccine; field of immuniology |
| Ehrileh | "magic bullets"
field of chemotherapy |
| immunology | study of fighting diseases |
| biotechnology | biological systems for our purpose |
| astrobiology | study of microbes in space |
| Recombinant DNA technology | genes in microbes, plants, and animals manipulated for practical applications |
| Gene therapy | inserting a missing gene or repairing a defective one in humans by inserting desired gene into host cells |
| Bioremediation | uses living bacteria, fungi, and algae to detoxify polluted environments |
| Roles of microorganisms in the environment | recycling of chemicals such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur |
| Roles of microbes as energy source | biofuels |
| Taxonomy | system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things |
| Naming microorganisms | -Binomial (scientific) nomenclature
-gives each microbe 2 names
- genus=always capitalize
-species=lowercase
-both italicized or underlined |
| 3 domain | Bacteria
Archara
Eukarya |
| Bacteria | prokaryotic cell structure
extreme environments
simple cells |
| Archaea | prokaryotic cell structure
extreme environments
simple cells |
| Eukarya | eukaryotic cell structure
complex
60 C |
| Evolution | living things change gradually over millions of years
more in notes |
| Phylogeny | natural relatedness between groups of organisms (example between coli and salmonella) |
