Question | Answer |
ACE inhibitors (Pg. 249); generic name ending | Prils, ex: Captopril |
What does ACE inhibitor stand for? | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor |
What do ACE inhibitors do? | block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II |
ACE Inhibitor affects the body how... | vasodilation
excretion of na and water
retention of K by kidneys |
When to use ACE inhibitors | HTN
Heart failure
MI (decrease mortality)
Diabetic/non-diabetic nephropathy |
Adverse effects of ACE | Orthostatic HTN
Cough
Hyperkalemia |
Captopril Side effects: | rash and dysgeusia (altered taste
Neutropenia |
Pregnancy risk for ACE inhibitors | Category D |
ARBs (pg. 252); generic name ending | Sartan; ex: Losartan |
What does ARB stand for? | Angiotensin II Receptor blockers |
What do ARBs do? | Block action of angiotensin II in body |
ARBs affect the body how... | Vasodilation
Excretion of sodium and water
Retention of Potassium |
When to use ARBs | HTN
Heart failure
Stroke Prevention
Delay profession of diabetic nephropathy |
Major difference between ACE/ARBS | Cough and hyperkalemia and not adverse affects of ARBs |
Aldosterone Antagonists (AA) (pg. 253)...two meds | eplerenone
spironolactone |
What do aldosterone antagonists do? | reduce blood volume by blocking aldosterone receptors in kidney which causes excretion of sodium and water |
When to use aldosterone antagonists? | HTN
Heart failure |
How to remember aldosterone antagonists? | We will SE you at AA) |
Side effects of aldosterone antagonists? | hyperkalemia
hyponatremia
Dizzy
Flu-like symptoms |
Contraindications for aldosterone antagonists? | high K levels
kidney impairment |
Direct Renin Inhibitors (pg. 254) ...one med | aliskiren |
How to remember direct renin inhibitors | ren sounds like renin |
What do direct renin inhibitors do? | inhibit production of angiotensin I (which produces angiotensin II and aldosterone) |
Calcium channel blockers (pg. 255); generic name endings | Pines (difedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine)
but also verapamil and diltazem |
Actions of Nifedipine on the body | blocks ca channels in blood vessels causing vasodilation |
Actions of Verapamil and diltiazem | blocks ca channels in blood vessels
Decrease force of heart, decreased heart rate, slow rate of conduction |
Which calcium channel blockers also help cardiac dysrhythmias | verapamil and diltiazem |
Alpha Adrenergic Blockers (Sympatholytics) (pg. 259) generic name endings | zosin (prazosin, doxazoin mesylate, terazosin) |
How to remember alpha adrenergic blockers | sound like dinosaurs, AAB (and also affects bladder) |
What do alpha adrenergic blockers do? | venous/arterial dilation
smooth muscle relaxation or bladder neck |
Why would you use alpha adrenergic blockers? | HTN
decrease manifestations of BPH (urgency, frequency and dysuria) |
Centrally acting alpha2 agonists (pg 260) 3 drugs | clonidine, guanfacine HCl, methyldopa |
What do centrally acting alpha2 agonists do? | decrease sympathetic outflow = bradycardia and decreased CO
vasodilation (decreased BP) |
Why would we use centrally acting alpha2 agonists? | HTN
severe cancer pain
investigational use |
Side effects of centrally acting alpha2 agonists | drowsy/sedation
dry mouth
rebound HTN if abrupt discontinuation |
Beta adrenergic blockers (Sympatholytics) (pg. 262); generic endings | LOL's |
Beta1 beta adrenergic blockers | affects ONLY the heart
metoprolol
atenolol
metoprolol succinate
esmolol |
Beta1/2 beta adrenergic blockers | affecting BOTH heart and lungs
Propranolol
Nadolol |
What do beta adrenergic blockers do? | decreased HR
decrease myocardial contractility
decreased rate of conduction
vasodilation |
Why would we use beta adrenergic blockers? | HTN
angina, tachydysrhythmias, HF, MI |
Which medication is contraindicated for someone with asthma? | Nonselective beta1/2 beta adrenergic blockers |
Which beta blockers can be given IV? | atenolol, metoprolol, labetol, propranolol |
Medications for HTN crisis (pg. 265) | Nitroprusside - centrally acting vasodilator
Nitroglycerin - vasodilator
Nicardipine - CCB
Clevidipine - CCB
Enalaprilat - ACE
Esmolol HCL - ACE |
Purpose of medications for HTN crisis | vasodilate arteries and veins causing rapid reduction of BP |
Adverse effects of htn medications | cyanide poisoning (HA, drowsy)
Thiocyanate toxicity (delirium, psychosis) |