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Unit 4: Heart
Medications affecting Blood Pressure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ACE inhibitors (Pg. 249); generic name ending | Prils, ex: Captopril |
| What does ACE inhibitor stand for? | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor |
| What do ACE inhibitors do? | block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II |
| ACE Inhibitor affects the body how... | vasodilation excretion of na and water retention of K by kidneys |
| When to use ACE inhibitors | HTN Heart failure MI (decrease mortality) Diabetic/non-diabetic nephropathy |
| Adverse effects of ACE | Orthostatic HTN Cough Hyperkalemia |
| Captopril Side effects: | rash and dysgeusia (altered taste Neutropenia |
| Pregnancy risk for ACE inhibitors | Category D |
| ARBs (pg. 252); generic name ending | Sartan; ex: Losartan |
| What does ARB stand for? | Angiotensin II Receptor blockers |
| What do ARBs do? | Block action of angiotensin II in body |
| ARBs affect the body how... | Vasodilation Excretion of sodium and water Retention of Potassium |
| When to use ARBs | HTN Heart failure Stroke Prevention Delay profession of diabetic nephropathy |
| Major difference between ACE/ARBS | Cough and hyperkalemia and not adverse affects of ARBs |
| Aldosterone Antagonists (AA) (pg. 253)...two meds | eplerenone spironolactone |
| What do aldosterone antagonists do? | reduce blood volume by blocking aldosterone receptors in kidney which causes excretion of sodium and water |
| When to use aldosterone antagonists? | HTN Heart failure |
| How to remember aldosterone antagonists? | We will SE you at AA) |
| Side effects of aldosterone antagonists? | hyperkalemia hyponatremia Dizzy Flu-like symptoms |
| Contraindications for aldosterone antagonists? | high K levels kidney impairment |
| Direct Renin Inhibitors (pg. 254) ...one med | aliskiren |
| How to remember direct renin inhibitors | ren sounds like renin |
| What do direct renin inhibitors do? | inhibit production of angiotensin I (which produces angiotensin II and aldosterone) |
| Calcium channel blockers (pg. 255); generic name endings | Pines (difedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine) but also verapamil and diltazem |
| Actions of Nifedipine on the body | blocks ca channels in blood vessels causing vasodilation |
| Actions of Verapamil and diltiazem | blocks ca channels in blood vessels Decrease force of heart, decreased heart rate, slow rate of conduction |
| Which calcium channel blockers also help cardiac dysrhythmias | verapamil and diltiazem |
| Alpha Adrenergic Blockers (Sympatholytics) (pg. 259) generic name endings | zosin (prazosin, doxazoin mesylate, terazosin) |
| How to remember alpha adrenergic blockers | sound like dinosaurs, AAB (and also affects bladder) |
| What do alpha adrenergic blockers do? | venous/arterial dilation smooth muscle relaxation or bladder neck |
| Why would you use alpha adrenergic blockers? | HTN decrease manifestations of BPH (urgency, frequency and dysuria) |
| Centrally acting alpha2 agonists (pg 260) 3 drugs | clonidine, guanfacine HCl, methyldopa |
| What do centrally acting alpha2 agonists do? | decrease sympathetic outflow = bradycardia and decreased CO vasodilation (decreased BP) |
| Why would we use centrally acting alpha2 agonists? | HTN severe cancer pain investigational use |
| Side effects of centrally acting alpha2 agonists | drowsy/sedation dry mouth rebound HTN if abrupt discontinuation |
| Beta adrenergic blockers (Sympatholytics) (pg. 262); generic endings | LOL's |
| Beta1 beta adrenergic blockers | affects ONLY the heart metoprolol atenolol metoprolol succinate esmolol |
| Beta1/2 beta adrenergic blockers | affecting BOTH heart and lungs Propranolol Nadolol |
| What do beta adrenergic blockers do? | decreased HR decrease myocardial contractility decreased rate of conduction vasodilation |
| Why would we use beta adrenergic blockers? | HTN angina, tachydysrhythmias, HF, MI |
| Which medication is contraindicated for someone with asthma? | Nonselective beta1/2 beta adrenergic blockers |
| Which beta blockers can be given IV? | atenolol, metoprolol, labetol, propranolol |
| Medications for HTN crisis (pg. 265) | Nitroprusside - centrally acting vasodilator Nitroglycerin - vasodilator Nicardipine - CCB Clevidipine - CCB Enalaprilat - ACE Esmolol HCL - ACE |
| Purpose of medications for HTN crisis | vasodilate arteries and veins causing rapid reduction of BP |
| Adverse effects of htn medications | cyanide poisoning (HA, drowsy) Thiocyanate toxicity (delirium, psychosis) |
Created by:
anniehaas
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