| Question | Answer |
| Order of evolution of 3 main domains | Bacteria, archaea, eukarya |
| Bacteria | -lack a nucleus
-circular DNA genome
-Include cyanobacteria w/ chlorophyll & can photosynthesize |
| Archaea | Live in harsh environments (called extremophiles for this reason)
-extreme halophiles: extreme salty environment
-extreme thermophiles: live in extreme heat
-methanogens: anaerobes that release methane |
| Protists (Eukarya) 7 main | amoebas, sporozoans, ciliates, slime molds, euglena, diatoms, brown algae |
| amoebas | -unicellular
-move using pseudopodia
-found in soil, freshwater, and marine environments |
| sporozoans | -animal parasities
-life cycles w/ sexual and asexual parts |
| ciliates | -move w/ cilia
-EX: paramecium |
| slime molds | -many nuclei
-overgrown amoeba |
| euglena | -unicellular algae
-move w/ flagellum |
| diatoms | -live in freshwater and marines (producers) |
| brown algae | -multicellular, large seaweeds living in marines |
| Kingdom Plantae sub-categories | -Nonvascular plants
-ferns (vascular seedless)
-conifers (vascular seed nonflowering)
-angiosperms (vascular seed flowering) |
| nonvascular plants | -live in damp areas
EX: moss, liverworts, hornworts |
| ferns (vascular seedless) | -have spores instead of seeds (can be scattered) |
| conifers (vascular seed nonflowering) | -gymnosperms
-no flower production |
| flowering plants (angiosperms) | -MONOCOTS: single seed leaves, 3 part flower, parallel veins in leaves
-DICOTS: 2 seed leaves, 4 or 5 part flower |
| Kingdom Fungi | -eukaryotic heterotrophs
-multicellular
-cell wall w/ chitin
-lack chloroplasts
-heterotrphs |
| Divisions of fungi | Zygomycota and Basidiomycota |
| Zygomycota | -sexual reproduction
-includes mycorrhizae: mutualistic associations between plant roots and fungi |
| Basidiomycota (CLUB FUNGI) | 25,000 organisms
-mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs |
| 8 phylums in kingdom animalia | sponges, coelenterates, flatworms, mollusks, segmented worms, arthropods, echinoderms, chordata |
| Sponges | -sessile: nonmoving
-traps water
-marina environment |
| coelenterates | -central, sac like digestive system
-radial symmetry |
| flatworms | -bilateral symmetry
-can be parasitic or nonparasitic |
| mollusks | -soft body. hard shell
-have a foot, organ space (visceral mass), mantle (w/ shell) |
| segmented worms | -closed circulation
-excretes waste through metanephridia |
| arthropods | -eliminate waste through malpighian tubules
-largest and most diverse
EX: crustaceans, insects, spiders |
| echinoderms | -radial symmetry
-exoskeletons
-vascular system (water)
EX: sea stars, sea urchins, and sand dollars |
| chordata | fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals (FARBM) |
| fish | -cartilage, sometimes bone, structures
-breathe through gills |
| amphibians | -land and water
-metamorphosis
-breathe through lungs or skin |
| reptiles | -thick, scaly skin
-shells to resist dehydration
-cold blooded |
| birds | -tetrapods w/ wings
-lay shelled eggs |
| mammals | endothermic
-have hair
-breathe through lungs |
