Question | Answer |
Caused by the presence of a septal defectal on the ventricles. | Fallot Tetralogy |
Cardiac Muscle Contraction:
Phase characterized by the fast influx of Sodium. | Phase 0: Upstroke |
What happens Phase 1 (partial repolarization) of Cardiac Muscle Contraction? | Inactivation of Sodium channels and rapid opening of Potassium channels. |
Why cardiac potential does not change quickly during Plateau phase (Phase 2)? | Due slow Calcium influx and slow outward leak of Potassium. |
Why the action potential decrease rapidly in Phase 3 Repolarization? | Because of Calcium channels are blocked and Potassium channels are opened. |
Which hormone is released by the Kidney when blood pressure is low? | Renin |
What would be a symptom of right heart failure? | Peripheral edema |
Which enzyme is blocked that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II to lower blood pressure? | ACE |
What does aldosterone do, would you want an agonist or antagonist? | Promotes salt and water retention, antagonist |
Which type of beta blockers are more effective and why? | Beta 1, more specific for cardiovascular |
Why would someone get a calcium channel blocker? | Slow conduction of AV node |
What is the role of Renin? | Converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I |
Which hormone participates in the convertion of Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I? | Renin |
What is the role of Aldosterone in the body? | Water and salt retention -> increase bloody pressure. |
Renin release can also be stimulated by which receptor agonist? | Beta receptor agonists |
What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors? | Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Angiodema and Dry cough. |
Which receptor-blockers can decrease heart rate? | Beta blockers |
What class of drug scan facilitate Calcium inward on the heart? What is it consequence? | Ionotropic drugs. Promote contractility, but can cause arrhythmia |
What is the general order for Heart Failure Therapy? | Diuretics → ACE inhibtors → Beta-blockers → Digoxin |
Digoxin is a ___________ drug (class of drug), that increase contractility of heart through _______ influx. | Digoxin is a IONOTROPIC drug (class of drug), that increase contractility of heart through CALCIUM influx |