Term | Definition |
Genetics | Scientific Study of heredity |
Fertilization | Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
Trait | Specific characteristics of an individual |
True Breeding (Pure) | When self fertilized, only produces offspring with the same traits |
Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
Segregation | Separation of alleles during gamete formation |
Independent Assortment | One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
Gametes | Sex cell |
Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular gene |
Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism |
Dominant | an organism that possesses the dominant gene |
Recessive | An organism that possesses the dominant gene |
Allele | One of a different number of a gene |
Incomplete Dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
Codominance | situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed. |
Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross. |
Multiple Allele Trait | a gene that has more than two alleles |
Polygenic Trait | a trait controlled by two or more genes |
X-Linked Trait | The gene that's causing a disorder is on the X Chromosome. |
Carrier | an individual carrying a injured gene |
Autosome | chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome |