Question | Answer |
GI dx procedures (Common w scopes & x-rays)
1. LFT's, other blood tests & indications | Liver function tests; AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin and albumin
-also blood tests for amylase, lipase, alpha-fetoprotein & ammonia
-indications: suspected liver, pancreatic or biliary tract disorder |
Urine bilirubin (Pg. 512)
also known as ____
indications;
interpretations | urobilinogen; urine test; dipstick or 24-hr urine collection
indications: suspected liver or biliary tract disorder
Interpretations: positive/^ = possible liver disorder or biliary obstruction |
Fecal Occult Blood test & stool samples
-indications | indications- GI bleeding or unexplained diarrhea
Interpretation- Gi bleeding (ulcer, colitis, cancer)
*infections and genes can be found too (pg.512) |
Fecal occult blood test & stool samples
-preprocedure
-foods/meds to avoid before | -cards impregnanted w guaiac that can be mailed to provider w. specimen cup. 3 samples required w/ cards usually.
-avoid red meats & anticoagulants before |
Endoscopy:
what do you use
Ex's | Direct visualize; flexible, lighted tube (endoscope)
-colonoscopy, EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy), ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), sigmoidoscopy |
Endoscopy procedure PRE insructions/nursing: | verify informed consent, VS allergies, labs, diet instructions before hand (NPO usually certain amount of time), bowel preps, avoided meds (NSAIDs, warfarin, etc.) |
1. Colonoscopy: (Pg. 515)
what do you use, where do you enter
what do you see
-anesthesia? | Flexible fiber-optic scope, entering through the anus
-rectum, colon (all parts)
--> Moderate sedation- midazolam (Versed); opiate analgesic |
Positioning for a colonoscopy?
Preparation (bowel prep) | left side w/ knees to chest
-laxatives (bisacodyl (dulcolax) and polyethylene glycol (golytely)
-Clear liquid diet (avoid colored fluids), NPO after midnight |
Colonoscopy post procedure
-notify provider if severe __
-___ bleeding
-Resume ___ diet
-fluids
-may be increased __ d/t air installation | pain; perforation or hemmorrhage
-rectal bleeding, normal diet, increase fluid intake, flatulence increased |
2. EGD
-through what? into what?
-anesthetic?
-position?
-Preparation? | Through mouth into esophagus, stomach & duodenum
-moderate sedation; topical anesthetic
-left side-lying
-NPO 6-8 hrs; remove dentures |
Post op EGD;
-Withhold fluids until what? | Return of gag reflex |
3. ERCP
-through what?
-anesthesia?
-Position | through mouth into biliary tree via the duodenum,
-allows seeing biliary ducts, gall bladder, liver & pancreas
-Conscious sedation-topical anesthetic
-Semi-prone w/ repositioning throughout procedure |
ERCP prep & post op
-NPO how long?
-withhold fluids until | 6 tp 8 hrs & remove dentures
-return of gag reflex |
4. Sigmoidoscopy
-scope
-anesthesia
-position
-prep (bowel, diet)
-post | -shorter scope than colonoscopy(anus, rectum, sigmoid colon visualization)
-no anesthesia required
-left side
-Laxatives
-clear liquid diet, NPO after midnight
-post same as colonoscopy |
GI series (Pg. 517)
-if upper GI imaging.. client drinks ___ & stools will be ___ for 24 to 72hrs | barium (radiopaque liquid)
-white |