Question | Answer |
ridge on cerebral cortex | gyrus |
depression/groove on cerebral cortex | sulcus |
occipital lobe function | visual processing center |
parietal lobe function | somatosensory association center |
thalamus function | major sensory inputs from skin relay through thalamus |
temporal lobe function | hearing, comprehension, smell |
frontal lobe function | motor functions, complex cognitive functions |
insula function | gustation/taste |
left cerebral hemisphere function | language, logical processing, movement of R side of body |
right cerebral hemisphere function | spatial perception, movement of L side of body |
central sulcus | separates parietal lobe from frontal lobe |
parietooccipital sulcus | separates parietal lobe from occipital lobe |
lateral sulcus | separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes |
calcarine sulcus function | primary visual center |
cingulate gyrus function | part of limbic system; regulates emotions and pain; drives the body's conscious response to unpleasant experiences (fear) |
precentral gyrus function | major motor cortex (mostly skilled motor actions) |
postcentral gyrus function | primary somatosensory cortex |
longitudinal fissure | separates R and L hemispheres |
corpus callosum | commissural tract (side-to-side between hemispheres); allows R and L hemispheres to communicate |
lentiform nucleus function | assists with muscle movements |
globus pallidus function | maintains muscle tone; regulates voluntary movements |
putamen function | "auto-pilot"; regulates subconscious movements |
claustrum function | helps process visual data |
hippocampus function | part of limbic system; long-term memory |
caudate nucleus function | learning and memory storage; sets rhythm of arms/legs when walking; balance |
amigdaloid body function | motivation and emotional behavior; applies emotion to memories |
lateral ventricles function | stores CSF |
anastomosis definition | connection between 2 blood vessels |
projection tracts | ascending and descending |
arcuate tracts | connect Broca's and Wernicke's areas |
commissural tracts | side-to-side (ex. corpus callosum) |
longitudinal fasciculi | front-to-back of cerebrum |
tectum function | superior colliculus= visual reflexes /
inferior colliculus= auditory reflexes |
fornix function | long-term memory |
tegmentum function | consciousness |
reticular formation function | consciousness |
substantia nigra function | dopamine; muscle tone |
pneuotaxic and apneustic centers function | govern rhythm and depth of breathing |
Olfactory Nerve (I) function | smell |
Olfactory Nerve (I) foramen | cribriform plate foramina |
Optic Nerve (II) function | vision |
Optic Nerve (II) foramen | optic canal |
Oculomotor Nerve (III) function | innervates extrinsic eye muscles (superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique) |
Oculomotor Nerve (III) foramen | superior orbital fissure |
Trochlear Nerve (IV) function | innervates superior oblique muscle |
Trochlear Nerve (IV) foramen | superior orbital fissure |
Trigeminal Nerve (V) function | sensory to face; innervates muscles of mastication |
Trigeminal Nerve (V) foramen | Opthalmic Div= superior orbital fissure /
Maxillary Div= foramen rotundum /
Mandibular Div= foramen ovale |
Abducens Nerve (VI) function | abducts the eyeball (lateral rectus muscle) |
Abducens Nerve (VI) foramen | superior orbital fissure |
Facial Nerve (VII) function | innervates muscles of facial expression |
Facial Nerve (VII) foramen | internal acoustic meatus |
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII) function | sensory nerve of hearing and balance |
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII) foramen | internal acoustic meatus |
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) function | innervates structures of tongue/pharynx |
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) foramen | jugular foramen |
Vagus Nerve (X) function | parasympathetic to abdomen and thorax |
Vagus Nerve (X) foramen | jugular foramen |
Accessory Nerve (XI) function | innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid |
Accessory Nerve (XI) foramen | jugular foramen |
Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) function | innervates the tongue muscles |
Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) foramen | hypoglossal canal |
Which nerve innervates the superior rectus muscle? | oculomotor (III) |
Which nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle? | trochlear (IV) |
Which nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle? | abducens (VI) |
Which nerve innervates the inferior oblique muscle? | oculomotor (III) |
Which nerve innervates the inferior rectus muscle? | oculomotor (III) |
Which nerve innervates the medial rectus muscle? | oculomotor (III) |
Which muscle controls the eyelid? | levator palpabrae superioris |
Which nerve innervates the sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles? | oculomotor (III) |
What muscle connects to the tympanic membrane? | tensor tympani |
located in the semicircular canal used to detect angular movement | crista ampularis |
area of skin supplied by nerves originating at spinal nerve root | dermatome |
a group of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve | myatome |