Answer | Quesion |
nucleotide | what makes up DNA |
sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, nitrogen containing base | what are the parts of a nucleotide |
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine | what are the bases in DNA |
adenine and guanine | what are purines made of two rings of carbon |
cytosine and thymine | what are pyrimidines and have one ring of carbon |
Watson and Crick | who won the Nobel Prize in 1962 in Medicine |
double helix | what is the structure of DNA |
hydrogen bond | what forms when the faces of two bases face toward each other in the center |
guanine | what is complementary to the base cytosine |
adenine | what is complementary to the base thymine |
replication | what is known as the process of copying DNA |
enzymes that separate the chains of DNA during replication | what are helicases |
enzymes that bind to the separated chains of DNA | what are DNA polymerase |
two | how many copies of original DNA are produced after the replication |
change in nucleotide sequences | what causes a mutation |
one in every 10,000 pairs | how often do errors occur in nucleotides |
bring the rate down to one in one billion | what do enzymes do to repair errors |
sugar (ribose), phosphate, base | what makes up the nucleotides of RNA |
thymine is not present in RNA, but uracil | what differs from RNA and DNA |
carries genetic information from DNA to the cytosol | what does mRNA do |
binds to specific amino acids | what does tRNA do |
makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made | what does rRNA do |
the process when genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA | what is transcription |
transcripts | what are the products of transcription called |
the production of proteins | what is protein synthesis |
20 | how many amino acids are there |
one or more polypeptides | what are proteins made of |
codon | what are three mRNA nucleotides called |
AUG | what is the start codon |
UAA, UAG, UGA | what are the three stop codons |
translation | what is known as the assembling of polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA |
the loop opposite of the site of an amino acid attachment bears a sequence of three nucleotides | what is an anticodon |