Question | Answer |
Dehydration sometimes produces | hypo-tension and tachycardia |
Fluid overload often results | in hypertension and bounding pulses |
sites to exclude for very young and older adult (these patients have fragile veins and this site may be easily bumped) | The dorsal surface of the hand
Areas of venous valves or bifurcation |
sites to exclude | infected site redness, tenderness, warmth at site/presence of exudate.Veins on ventral surface of the wrist,Veins in the antecubital fossa (bend)sites distal to previous vein puncture site (insertion needs to be proximal to compromise area) |
ISOTONIC | have the same osmolality as body fluids and are used most often to replace extracellular (intravascular) volume (e.g., simple dehydration after prolonged vomiting) |
HYPO-TONIC | have an osmolality less than body fluids and are used most often to hydrate cells (e.g., hypertonic dehydration, required water replacement) |
HYPER-TONIC | have an osmolality greater than body fluids and are used most often to increase extracellular fluid volume (e.g., replace electrolytes, treat shock) |
Potassium chloride should never be given by | IV push or added to a small volume of IV solution. |
Potassium chloride is administered | orally or as a premixed IV additive by pharmacy or the manufacturer in a larger volume of IV fluids. |
Verify that the patient has adequate renal perfusion (i.e., at least 30 mL/hr urine output for adults) before administering | IV fluids containing potassium chloride. |
Infusion of blood products requires a | blood administration set, which contains an in-line filter. |
Dextrose 5% in water* Isotonic D5W
Dextrose 10% in water Hyper-tonic D10W
Dextrose 50% in water Hyper-tonic D50W | |
Saline Solutions
0.45% sodium chloride (half normal saline)
0.33% sodium chloride (one-third normal saline)
0.9% sodium chloride† (normal saline)
3% sodium chloride
5% sodium chloride | Hypo tonic ½ NS, 0.45% NS
Hypo tonic ⅓ NS
Isotonic NS, 0.9% N, S 0.9% NaCl
Hyper tonic 3% NS |
Catheter Size (gauge)14, 16, 18
20
22 | 14,16,18 Trauma, surgery, blood transfusion
20Cont. or intermittent infusions,blood transfusion
22Continuous or intermittent infusions, children
and elderly patients; administration of blood or
blood products in pediatrics and neonates |
catheter size 24-26
Butterfly needle (scalp vein needle) | 24-26Fragile veins for intermittent or continuous
infusions; administration of blood or blood
products in pediatrics or neonates
butterfly-Administration of IV fluids in infants |
solution given rapidly needs to be infused with | macro drip tubing, which delivers large drops (standard drop size is 10 or 15 gtt per mL, depending on the manufacturer). |
Tourniquets are used to reduce | venous return and cause distention in the veins where an IV catheter will be inserted |
The veins of older patients are more fragile, and therefore a _________ __________ ________ may be used instead. | blood pressure cuff |
In infants, ______ _____ may be used because they are smaller than tourniquets. | rubber bands |
Because tourniquets can be a source of contamination, ________ ______ products are preferred. | single-use |
A 40-year-old patient is to have an IV started per-operatively. Which catheter would be most appropriate for this patient? | 16- to 18-gauge |
| |
The use of the _______ for an IV site is common with children but is contraindicated in adults because of the danger of thrombophlebitis. | foot |
18 gauge Adult patient scheduled for major surgery
22 gauge Older adult requiring IV medications
butterfly Infant requiring IV fluids
20 gaugeYoung adult requiring fluid maintenance | |