Term | Definition |
diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to re.gions with lower density |
osmosis | the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane. |
passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell. |
active transport | the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy. |
endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell. |
exocytosis | the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane. |
photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food |
cellular resperation | the process by which cell use oxygen to produce energy from food. |
fermentation | the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen. |
cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell. |
chromosomes | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA. |
homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure. |
mitosis | in the eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. |
cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell. |