Question | Answer |
List the 5 types of mycoses. | Systemic, subcutaneous, cutaneous, superficial, opportunistic |
Name 2 fungi that cause opportunistic infections. | Candida albicans and Asperigillus |
Describe the organisms in the phylum Archaezoa. | No mitochondria, multiple flagella. |
Where is Giardia lamblia found in nature? | In nearly all surface waters. |
Give 2 factors that contribute to the spread of Giardiasis. | Resists chemical disinfectants, cysts are chlorine resistant. |
Phylum Rhizopoda | Move by pseudopods. Causative agent: Entameoba histolytica. Causes amebiasis. |
Phylum Euglenozoa | Phototrophs in light/chemoheterotrophs in dark. Causative agent: Trypanosoma. Causes sleeping sickness. |
Name 2 organisms & the diseases they cause from the phylum Apicomplexa. | Cryptosporidium causes Cryptosporidosis. Plasmodium causes Malaria. |
What is the causative agent of malaria? | Plasmodium falciparum. |
What is the vector of malaria? | Anopheles mosquito. |
What are the symptoms of malaria? | Periodic chills& fever, anemia, splenomegaly, intense headaches, kidney failure, cerebral damage, hemoglobinuria. |
What is the most characteristic symptom of malaria? | Periodic chills & fever |
How is malaria diagnosed? | Reoccurring chills & fever, history of travel into endemic areas, ring form present in blood smears, decreased hemoglobin levels. |
WHat is the main drug used for malaria treatment? | Chloroquine (Aralen) |
What protective measures can be used for malaria? | protective clothing, mosquito repellants, insecticide treated mosquito netting, chloroquine prophylaxis, control of anopheles mosquito. |
Why is there no successful malaria vaccine at the present? | Because there are 3 kinds of possible vaccines and they can't decide which ones to study & develop further. |
How many people does malaria kill every year? | 3 million people per year. |
Where & who are the majority of these deaths? | African children |
Why are fungal & protozoal diseases harder to treat with antimicrobial drugs than bacterial diseases? | Fungi & protozoa are eukaryotic and have no peptidoglycan. They are more similar to our cells so cannot just choose drugs to attack cell walls or peptidoglycan. |