Question | Answer |
A ________________________ is a representation of an object or a system. | model |
The study of living things is ______________________________________. | life science |
Organisms maintain internal stability despite threats by external stimuli through ___________________. | homeostasis |
Molecules that are sometimes called the blueprints of life are __________________________________. | nucleic acids |
All of the chemical activities that an organism’s cells perform are called __________________________. | metabolism |
A living thing that makes its own food. | producer |
A series of steps followed by scientists to solve problems. | scientific method |
A living thing that breaks down the nutrients of dead organisms | decomposer |
set of related hypotheses supported by evidence | theory |
Used to produce clear and detailed images of non-living specimens | electron microscope |
The major energy-carrying molecule in the cell | ATP |
The lowest level of organization is the _____________________. | cell |
Particles move randomly from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration during ____________________________. | diffusion |
Pairs of chromosomes are called ______________________________________. | homologous chromosomes |
When oxygen breaks down food to release energy, it is called ______________________________. | cellular respiration |
the reason that most cells are limited to a very small size | surface area-to-volume ratio |
small bodies in a cell’s cytoplasm that are specialized to perform specific functions | organelles |
an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles | prokaryote |
prokaryotes that include extremophiles, organisms that live in extreme conditions | archaebacteria |
an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane as well as membrane-bound organelles | eukaryote |
an organelle that functions as the main power source of a cell, breaking down sugar to produce energy | mitochondria |
organelles in which photosynthesis takes place | chloroplast |
If an allele in a Punnett square is written Bt, ______ is the dominant trait. | B |
In the second generation, ____________________________ reappear after disappearing in the first generation. | recessive traits |
When sequences of base pairs are copied incorrectly, they are called a_______________________. | mutation |
Examples of chemical _________________________ include asbestos and chemicals in cigarette smoke. | mutagens |
The pairing of bases allows cells to __________________________. | replicate |
Adenine and ____________________________ bases fit together. | thymine |
Cytosine and ____________________________ bases fit together. | guanine |
If there is 30% cytosine in a sample, there will be 20% ________________________________. | adenine |
fertilization of one plant to another | cross-pollination |
when one trait is not completely dominant over another | incomplete dominance |
a way to organize possible offspring combinations | Punnett square |
an organism’s appearance | phenotype |
the entire genetic makeup of an organism | genotype |
the mathematical chance that something will happen | probability |
process that produces cells with half the number of chromosomes | meiosis |
process where the nucleus divides once | mitosis |
cell organelle where protein is synthesized | ribosome |
the form of mutation where one base is replaced by another kind | substitution |
material shaped like a double helix that determines inherited characteristics | DNA |
the material made of amino acids that causes most of the differences we see in organisms | proteins |
bacteria that break down dead organisms | decomposer |
an organism with no nucleus | prokaryote |
an organism that invades a cell and uses it to create more organisms | virus |
bacteria that cause disease | pathogenic bacteria |
type of cell in which viruses reproduce | host |
a protist that makes its own food. | producer |
a protist that invades another organism to get the nutrients it needs | parasite |
An animal that has a backbone. | vertebrate |
an organ in fish that removes oxygen from the water and exchanges it with carbon dioxide from the blood. | gills |
saclike organ that takes oxygen from the air and delivers it to the blood | lung |
a mammal that lays eggs | monotreme |
a mammal with a pouch, such as a kangaroo, koala, or opossum | marsupial |
the muscle that helps bring air into the lungs | diaphragm |
a soft feather that provides warmth | down |
a stiff outer feather that determines shape | contour |
the upward pressure on wings | lift |
the act of sitting on a nest to keep eggs warm | brooding |