Question | Answer |
Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
Hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
Purebred | The offspring of many generations that have the same traits |
Trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes |
Offspring | The children of an organism. |
Gene | The set of information that controls trait |
Alleles | The different forms of genes |
Recessive Allele | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
Homozygous Alleles | Having two identical alleles for trait |
Heterozygous Alleles | Having two different alleles for trait |
Genotype | an organism's makeup,or allele combination |
Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance,or visible traits |
Dominant Alleles | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
Punnett Square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from genetic cross. |
Codominance | Alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.AS a result both alleles are expressed in the offspring |
Probaility | A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. |
Meiosis | The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. |
Haploid | Half a chromosome |
Diploid | two complete sets of chromosomes,one from each parent |
Chromosome | A doubled rod of condensed chromatin. |
Pedigree | A chart that tracks which members will have a particular trait |
Genetic Disorder | An abnormal condition that a person |
Sex-Linked Genes | A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome |
Sex Chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female |
Inbreeding | A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed |
Hybridization | A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed |
Clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
Gene Therapy | The insertion of working copies o fa gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder. |
Selective Breeding | The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation. |
Carrier | A person who has one recessive allele for a trait,but does not have the trait |
Genetic Engineering | The transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism,in order to produce an organism with desired traits. |
Substitution | Is a type of mutation where a base pair is replaced by another base pair. |
Deletion | A mutation in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing. |
Insertion | THe addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. |
Mutation | A permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene |
Genome | All the DNA in one cell of an organism |
Karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell |