Term | Definition |
Earth's Tilt | 23.5 degrees and the cause of the seasons. |
Apogee | The furthest point of the moon's orbit from the Earth. |
Perigee | The closest point of the moon's orbit from the Earth. |
Perihelion | The closest point of the Earth's orbit from the sun. |
Aphelion | The farthest point of the Earth's orbit from the sun. |
Elliptical Orbit | The shape of the Earth's orbit. |
Earth's Revolution | The Earth orbits the sun once in 365.24 days. |
Earth's Rotation | Once in 24 hours, the cause of night and day, and the spinning of Earth on its axis. |
Speed of Earth's Rotation | 1000 miles per hour. |
Satellite | The moon is earth’s natural satellite. |
Name in order the inner and outer planets of the solar system. | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. There are 8 planets. |
Light Year | The distance light travels in one year |
Proxima Centauri | The closest star other than the sun to the earth. |
Milky Way | The galaxy the earth is a part of. |
Andromeda | The closest galaxy besides the Milky Way to earth. |
Pangaea | The super-continent that existed 150,000,000 years ago. |
Dates of Ice Ages | Most recent end of the advance was 17,000 years ago. |
Age of the Earth | 4.6 billion years. |
How do you find protons, neutrons, and electrons using a periodic table? | The atomic number equals the number of protons, the number of protons equals the number of electrons ( for a balanced atom), the rounded off atomic mass minus the atomic number equals the number of neutrons. |
What is the mass and charge of the following particles?: | Protons, electrons, neutrons? Proton: mass=1, charge +, Electron mass=0, charge -, Neutron mass=1, charge =0(no charge). |
Atomic Nucleus | The central part of an atom. |
Energy Levels | The area of an atom where electrons occur, also called shell, orbit, rings, cloud. |
Exothermic | A reaction or change that releases energy. |
Homogeneous Mixture | A mixture that appears the same throughout; milk. |
Heterogeneous Mixture | A mixture that does not appear the same throughout; oatmeal. |
Mixtures | Two or more substances mixed but not chemically bonded (combined) together. |
Compound | Two or more different elements chemically bonded together. |
Physical Properties | Characteristics of a substance that can be observed; bendability, melting, change of state, changing form or appearance without changing the substance chemically. |
Chemical Properties | Characteristic of a substance that determine how they will react with other substances chemically. Examples: The ability to combust, tarnish, rust, oxidize, electrolicize. |
Electromagnetic Energy | Energy that travels as waves through space. Example: light. |
Molecule | Two or more atoms combined chemically. |
Potential energy | Energy that is stored, like snow at the top of a mountain. |
Kinetic energy | The energy of movement, like water flowing down a mountain. |
Electrical Energy | The energy of the movement of charged particles. |
Chemical Energy | The energy found in chemical reactions. |
Grams | The SI measurement for mass |
Meters | The SI unit that measures the distance between two points. |
Liters | The SI unit for volume. |
SI Units | The International Standard of metric measurements. |
Density | The amount of mass compared to its volume. |
Volume | The amount of space an object occupies. |
Element | A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, the building blocks of matter. |
Substance | Anything that contains only one pure type of material. |
Evaporation | The process of water in a liquid state, turning into a gas by using heat. |
Condensation | The process of water vapor turning back into a liquid. |
Precipitation | Water falling back to earth. |
Freezing | When low temperatures make water a solid. |
Polarity | The Hydrogen sides of water are positive and the Oxygen is negative. |
Polar bonds in water molecules | The positive charges of the hydrogen atoms of water molecules make the bond between hydrogen and oxygen a polar bond. |
Formula of Water | H2O |
Ground water | Water that is stored underground. |
Aquifers | Long Island’s large areas of groundwater. |
Moraine | A large hill formed by glaciers. |
Out wash Plains | The large sandy formations found downhill from moraines. |
Runoff | Water that flows along the earth’s surface. |
Infiltration | Water that enters the earth’s surface through the soil. |
Percolation | The process of water flowing between soil particles. |
Stream-bed | The bottom of the river. |
Friction | The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another. |
Abrasion | The wearing a way of rock due to grinding action. |
Turbulence | Water that flows in every different direction. |
Slope | The angle of incline that the water flows down due to gravity. |
Load | The amount of sediment in a river. |
Stalagmite | An icicle shaped formation that forms on the floor of a cave. |
Stalactite | An icicle shaped formation that forms on the roof of a cave. |
Delta | A sediment deposit formed from silt at the river’s mouth. |
Alluvial fan | A wide sloping deposit of sediment where a stream leaves a mountain range. |
Oxbow Lake | A lake formed when a meander gets cutoff. |
V-shaped Valley | A valley cut by water flowing through the base. |
Waterfall | The area of a stream or river where it’s slope is vertical. |
Meanders | The snakelike bends formed in a river from banks being eroded. |
Stream | A channel along which water flows down a slope they rarely dry up. |
Rills | Tiny grooves cut in the soil. |
Floodplain | The area of the river valley the river will cover during a flood. |