Question | Answer |
PCNs MOA | inhibit cell wall synthesis |
Vancomycin MOA | (glycopeptide) - inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking |
Aminoglycosides MOA | (tobramycin, gentamycin, neomycin) - stop mRNA translation |
Quinolones MOA | DNA gyrase inhibitors: inhibit bacterial DNA synthase |
Macrolides MOA | inhibit 50S ribosome => decreased protein synthesis |
Tetracyclines MOA | Protein synthesis inhibitor: act on 30S subunit |
Classes of Abx that are cell wall synthesis inhibitors | PCNs. Cephalosporins. Monobactams (aztreonam). Carbapenems. Vanco |
Classes of Abx that are protein synthesis inhibitor | Aminoglycosides. Tetracyclines. Macrolides. Choramphenicol. Clindamycin. |
Antimetabolites = | Sulfonamides |
Protein synthesis inhibitor MOA | Bind to ribosomes and prevent protein synthesis => cell death & decreased replication |
1st gen cephalosporins activity | Cefazolin & cephalexin: gram pos (Staph / Strep), skin infxn, surg ppx |
2nd gen cephalosporins activity | Cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime: more GN activity (E coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, H flu); intra-abd infxn |
3rd gen cephalosporins activity | Ceftazidime (Pseudomonas), ceftriaxone, cefdinir: primarily GN activity (including Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia), some Gm Pos. Tx N meningitides |
4th gen cephalosporins activity | Cefepime: broad GN activity including resistance to beta-lactamase; Pseudomonas. Less GP |
5th gen cephalosporins activity | Ceftaroline: against selected Staph spp (MSSA skin only), some Strep spp, some GN (H flu, Klebsiella, E coli) |
Monobactam activity | AztreonamL GNR (Pseudomonas, Serratia, Klebsiella) |
Carbapenem activity | Broad vs anaerobes, esp PCN-resistant pneumococcus & Enterobacter |
Aminoglycosides activity | Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin: GN enteric bacteria (E coli, Proteus, Klebs, Serratia, Enterobacter) |
Tetracyclines activity | GP & GN including atypical PNA bugs, Rickettsia, Lyme disease |
Macrolides activity | GP; atypical PNA bugs, H pylori |
Antimetabolites (sulfonamides) activity | GP & GN; esp E coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter |
Trimethoprim is used to tx: | combined with sulfa drug to tx UTIs, PCP PNA, Shigella, Salmonella, URIs |
Quinolones activity | Aerobic GNR (Pseudomonas, Neisseria); Anthrax |
NRTIs MOA | Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase. AZT, didanosin (ddI), lamivudine (3TC), stavudine (d4T) |
NNRTIs MOA | Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: inhibit reverse transcriptase. Nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz |
Protease inhibitors MOA | Inhibit production of mature virions, inhibit replication. Ritonavir, indinavir |
Penicillin is used to tx (3): | Syphilis, GBS (in PG female), N meningitides |
Beta-lactamase PCNs include: | nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacilin, cloxacillin, and Cillian Murphy |
Beta-lactamase PCNs tx these types of infxn (3) | Staph spp (not MRSA), skin infxn, osteomyelitis |