Question | Answer |
Potentiative | Two drugs work better together than they would individually actually increasing the total effect |
Additive | Two or more drugs combined effect |
Antagonistic | Two or more drugs cause each other to not work as well or block effects. |
Narrow Spectrum | active against only a few species of microbes |
Broad Spectrum | active against many species of microbes |
Drug resistance | acquires by microbes either via spontaneous mutation or conjugation. Caused by overuse of antibiotics. |
Suprainfection | An secondary infection that appears during the course of treatment of a primary infection |
*Penicillin* | Weaken the cell wall of bacteria |
Penicillin G | First Penicillin, Narrow spectrum |
Amoxicillin | Preferred Oral Penicillin drug
Used for Influenzae, E. Coli, Shigella, Salmonella
Adult dose 750 |
Augmentin | Combo with Amoxicillin to increase spectrum
SE: N/V, Diarhea |
Zosyn | Combo Penicillin drug to extend spectrum
SE: Bleeding (disrupts platelets)
Careful with renal patients |
*Cephlasporin* | Beta |
Cephalxin | 1st gen.
Highly effective against G+ |
Cefoxitin | 2nd gen.
Effective against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
Rocephin | 3rd gen.
Broad Spectrum antimicrobial
Painful with IM admin (lidocaine commonly used)
SE: hypersensitivity, bleeding due to vit K interference, thrombophlebitis, hemolytic anemia
DO NOT give with calcium (fatal precipitates)
Careful w/ Warfarin |
Vancomycin | Broad spectrum antibiotic affects cell wall and causes cell death
Used for C |
Red Man Syndrome | Caused by vancomycin usually being administered to fast
S/S Tachycardia, hypotension, flushing
Must slow vanco, if vitals change call provider |
Tetracyclines | Route: Oral |
*Macrolides* | Broad Spectrum antibiotic including the |
Erythromycin | Route: Oral & IV
Oldest Macrolides |
Azithromycin | Route: Oral and IV
Macrolide |
Clindamycin | Route: Oral, IM, IV
Macrolide |
Linezolid (Zyvox) | First in class of Oxizolidones |
Mupricion (Bactroban) | Topical antibacterial for impetigo and nasal MRSA |
Aminoglycoside (Gentamycin) | Route: IV
Used for serious infections like E. Coli
SE: Kidney toxic, ototoxic, tinitis
Can not give with Penicillin!! Another line and another time
Need trough and peak levels |
Silvadine | Route: Topical
Used for 2nd/3rd degree burns
SE: Acidosis |
Bactrim | Route: Oral & IV
Broad Spectrum Sulfa drug = Watch for allergies |
Steven Johnson Syndrome | Necrotic skin rash |
Nitrofurantoin | Broad Spectrum Antibacterial |
Isoniazid (INH) | TB drug |
Rifampin | TB drug |
Pyrazinamide | TB drug |
Ethambutol | TB drug |
Ciproflaxin | Route: Oral or IV
Broad Spectrum |
Levofloxacin | Similar to Ciproflaxin but used for Respiratory infections
SE: Same as Ciproflaxin |
Metronidazole (Flagyl) | Good for protazoa infection (only effects anerobes) |
Amphotericin B | Route: IV only
Dangerous Drug |
*Azoles* | Alternative to Amphotericin B |
Itraconazole (Sporanox) | Safer than Amphotericin |
Ketoconazole | Antifungal
SE: Effects sex hormones
CYP450 |
Fluconazole | Antifungal for vaginal candiasis |
Clotrimazole | Topical antifungal |
Nystatin | Oral and topical antifungal |
Acyclovir | Route: IV, Oral, Topical
Only active against Herpes Viruses
Used for cold sores |
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) | Route: Oral
For ages 1 and above for flu prevention
Must start no more than 2 days of symptom onset
Good for H1N1 and H5N1 & Influenza A & B |