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pharm exam 3 ab
pharm exam 3 antibacterials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Potentiative | Two drugs work better together than they would individually actually increasing the total effect |
| Additive | Two or more drugs combined effect |
| Antagonistic | Two or more drugs cause each other to not work as well or block effects. |
| Narrow Spectrum | active against only a few species of microbes |
| Broad Spectrum | active against many species of microbes |
| Drug resistance | acquires by microbes either via spontaneous mutation or conjugation. Caused by overuse of antibiotics. |
| Suprainfection | An secondary infection that appears during the course of treatment of a primary infection |
| *Penicillin* | Weaken the cell wall of bacteria |
| Penicillin G | First Penicillin, Narrow spectrum |
| Amoxicillin | Preferred Oral Penicillin drug Used for Influenzae, E. Coli, Shigella, Salmonella Adult dose 750 |
| Augmentin | Combo with Amoxicillin to increase spectrum SE: N/V, Diarhea |
| Zosyn | Combo Penicillin drug to extend spectrum SE: Bleeding (disrupts platelets) Careful with renal patients |
| *Cephlasporin* | Beta |
| Cephalxin | 1st gen. Highly effective against G+ |
| Cefoxitin | 2nd gen. Effective against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
| Rocephin | 3rd gen. Broad Spectrum antimicrobial Painful with IM admin (lidocaine commonly used) SE: hypersensitivity, bleeding due to vit K interference, thrombophlebitis, hemolytic anemia DO NOT give with calcium (fatal precipitates) Careful w/ Warfarin |
| Vancomycin | Broad spectrum antibiotic affects cell wall and causes cell death Used for C |
| Red Man Syndrome | Caused by vancomycin usually being administered to fast S/S Tachycardia, hypotension, flushing Must slow vanco, if vitals change call provider |
| Tetracyclines | Route: Oral |
| *Macrolides* | Broad Spectrum antibiotic including the |
| Erythromycin | Route: Oral & IV Oldest Macrolides |
| Azithromycin | Route: Oral and IV Macrolide |
| Clindamycin | Route: Oral, IM, IV Macrolide |
| Linezolid (Zyvox) | First in class of Oxizolidones |
| Mupricion (Bactroban) | Topical antibacterial for impetigo and nasal MRSA |
| Aminoglycoside (Gentamycin) | Route: IV Used for serious infections like E. Coli SE: Kidney toxic, ototoxic, tinitis Can not give with Penicillin!! Another line and another time Need trough and peak levels |
| Silvadine | Route: Topical Used for 2nd/3rd degree burns SE: Acidosis |
| Bactrim | Route: Oral & IV Broad Spectrum Sulfa drug = Watch for allergies |
| Steven Johnson Syndrome | Necrotic skin rash |
| Nitrofurantoin | Broad Spectrum Antibacterial |
| Isoniazid (INH) | TB drug |
| Rifampin | TB drug |
| Pyrazinamide | TB drug |
| Ethambutol | TB drug |
| Ciproflaxin | Route: Oral or IV Broad Spectrum |
| Levofloxacin | Similar to Ciproflaxin but used for Respiratory infections SE: Same as Ciproflaxin |
| Metronidazole (Flagyl) | Good for protazoa infection (only effects anerobes) |
| Amphotericin B | Route: IV only Dangerous Drug |
| *Azoles* | Alternative to Amphotericin B |
| Itraconazole (Sporanox) | Safer than Amphotericin |
| Ketoconazole | Antifungal SE: Effects sex hormones CYP450 |
| Fluconazole | Antifungal for vaginal candiasis |
| Clotrimazole | Topical antifungal |
| Nystatin | Oral and topical antifungal |
| Acyclovir | Route: IV, Oral, Topical Only active against Herpes Viruses Used for cold sores |
| Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) | Route: Oral For ages 1 and above for flu prevention Must start no more than 2 days of symptom onset Good for H1N1 and H5N1 & Influenza A & B |
Created by:
hkrawietz
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