Question | Answer |
Pro: safe, self-admin, cheap, no needles | PO |
Con: Slow, very variable abs, 1st pass metabolism, low predictability | PO |
Pro: fastest, most accurate blood conc | IV |
Con: Overdose danger, can't be easily reversed, needs sterile needles and medical technique | IV |
Pro: Slow, even abs (10~30 mins) | IM |
Con: needs sterile needles, painful and irritable | IM |
Pro: Slow, prolonged abs (can take up to 3 years) | SC |
Con: Variable abs depending on amt of blood flow to area | SC |
Pro: very fast due to large abs surface area, fast onset, no injection equipment needed | Inhalation |
Con: irritate nasal passages and lungs due to small solid particles | Inhalation |
Pro: Localized effect, easy to self-admin | Topical (apply to surface of mucous membranes, not skin) |
Con: ease of transfer across membranes, can be abs into general circulation | Topical |
Pro: slow, consistent, controlled, prolonged | Transdermal (across skin) |
Con: only lipid-sol drugs, can be irritable, abs depends on skin location | Transdermal |
Pro: highly effective, by-pass BB barrier | Epidural (directly injected into CSF) |
Con: admin needs trained professional, irreversible, can damage nerves | Epidural |