Term | Definition |
Abuse | The excessive or improper use of a substance, person, or animal |
Addiction | The physical or psychological dependency on a substance |
Administer | to give |
Bioassay | The process of determining the strength quality of a drug by testing it on a animal or an isolated organ |
Biologics | A term used more restrictively for a class of medications that are produced by means of biological processes involving recombinant DNA technology |
Biotechnology | the biological and engineering study of the relationship between human beings and machines |
Controlled substance | A drug that has the potential for addiction and abuse |
Dispense | to prepare and give out |
Genetic engineering | the synthesis alteration, or repair of genetic material through the application of engineering principles |
Narcotic | Producing sleep or stupor |
Pharmacopeia | authorized publication on drugs and there preparations |
Practioner | one who has met the professional and legal requirements of a certain occupation or profession |
Prescribe | To order or recommend the use of a drug, diet, or other form of therapy |
Pharmacodynamics | study of drugs and their actions on living organisms |
Pharmacognosy | The science of natural drugs and their physical, botanical, and chemical properties |
Pharmacogenetics | Personalizing drug treatment according to the patient generics |
Chemical | formula that denotes chemical composition |
Generic | official name |
Brand | trade name given by manufacturer |
Pharmacokinetics | study of the metabolism and action of drugs within the body |
Pharmacotherapeutics | study of drugs and their relationships to the treatment of disease |
Toxicology | study of poisons; the science concerned with toxic substances |
Therapeutic | -may be used in the treatment of an allergy to relieve the symptoms or to sustain the patient
ex- antihistamines |
Diagnostic | -used in conjunction with radiology to allow the physician to pinpoint the location of a disease process
ex-Ethidol |
Curative | -kill or remove the causative agent of a disease
ex-antibiotics |
Replacement | -used to replace substances normally found in the body
ex-hormones and vitamins |
Prophylactic/preventive | -used to ward off or lessen the severity of a disease
ex-immunizing agents |
Plants | have been used as a source of medication since time began
leave, roots, stems, or fruit
ex- |
Animails | very few drugs
fluids, tissues, organs, or glands
ex- |
Minerals | naturally occurring substances
highly purified form
ex- |
Synthetic | combination of various chemicals
may be identical to natural drug or totally unique
can be produced in great volume
less expensive than natural drugs
exs- |
Genetically engineered pharmaceuticals | biotechnology
used in healthcare, agriculture, and industry
utilizes gene splicing/DNA
exs- |
Biologics | vaccines, blood and blood products, recombinant therapeutic proteins
exs- |
Drug legislation | -all legal drugs controlled by Federal Food, Drug, and cosmetic Act
-Protects purity, strength, and composition of food, drugs, devices, and cosmetics
-FDA responsible or enforcement |
Schedule I | -Not legal for use in U.s.
-High potential for abuse
exs- |
Schedule II | -high potential for abuse
-legal medical uses in U.S
exs- |
Schedule III | -low to moderate potential for physical dependency
-high potential for psychological dependency
exs- |
Schedule IV | -low potential for abuse as compared to schedule III
-accepted medical use in U.S
exs- |
Schedule V | -lowest potential for abuse
-accepted medical use in the U.S
exs- |
Initial | first dose |
Average | is the amount of medication proven most effective with minimum toxic effect |
Loading | larger dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of treatment |
Maintenance | amount that will keep concentrations of the drug at a therapeutic level in the patient's bloodstream |
Minimum | smallest dose that will be effective |
Maximum | large amount of medication that can be given safely to a patient |
Therapeutic | amount needed to produce that desired effect |
Divided | fractional portion administered at short intervel |
Unit | premeasured amount of medication individually packaged on a per dose basis |
Cumulative | summation of a drug present in the body after repeated medication |
Lethal | is the amount of medication that could kill a patient |
Toxic | is the amount of drug that causes signs and symptoms of drug toxicity |
USP/NF | -official list of standardized drugs
-published every 5 years |
PDR | -for health professionals
-supplements available throughout year |
PDR Nurse's Drug Handbook | -published annually |
Product information insert | -provided by the drug manufacturer |
Drugs @ FDA | -official website of FDA, DHHS and CDER
-searchable catalog of FDA-approved drug products(prescription and OTC)
-updated daily with marketing status |
Drug Dosage
-factors to consider | -weight, age, and gender
-pregnancy/lactation
-physical or emotional condition
-disease process/presence of another process
-causative microorganism and infection severity
-past medical history
-safest method, route, time, and amount for desired |
Controlled Substance Act
-For any drug with potential for addiction or abuse, it controls: | -manufacture
-importation
-compounding
-selling
-dealing or giving away |
Controlled Substance Act | -DEA responsible for enforcement
-Practitioners must register with DEA
-must renew registration every 3 years |
Controlled Substances
-record keeping | -must be kept separately from other records
-must be maintained on a daily basis
-must be kept for minimum 2 years |
Security | -must be kept away from other drugs
-keep under double lock
-minimum employee access
-narcotic keys must be proteced |