Term | Definition |
interviewing | a specific form of goal directed communication |
triage | nurses are responsible for assessing children's symptoms and applying clinical judgement for further medical care via telephone report |
perlcutionary stage (communicative development) | (0 to 8-9 mos)l child shows reflexive to stimuli; child shows increasing purpose in action |
emerging illocutionary stage (communicative development) | (8-9 to 12-15 most) child communication intentionally w/ signals and gestures |
conventional illocutionary-emerging locutionary stage (communicative development) | (12-15 to 18-24 mos); child communicates intentionally w/ gestures, vocalizations, and verbalizations |
egocentric | children younger than 5yrs; they see things only in relation to themselves and from their point of view |
direct (hx taking) | the nurse asks for information via direct interview the informant |
indirect (hx taking) | the informant supplies the information by completing some type of questionnaire |
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) | are a set of four nutrient based reference values that provide quantitative estimates of nutrient intake for use in assessing and planning dietary intake |
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) | specific DRI; nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement half the healthy individuals (50%) for a specific age and gender group |
Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) | specific DRI; average daily dietary intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy individuals for a specific age and gender group |
Adequate Intake (AI) | specific DRI; recommended intake level based on estimates of nutrient intake by healthy groups of individuals |
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) | specific DRI; highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects; as intake increases above the UL, risk of adverse effects increases |
anthropometry | an essential parameter of nutritional status, is the measurement of height, weight, head circumference, proportions, skinfold thickness, and arm circumference in you children |
biochemical tests | available for assessing nutritional status and include analysis of plasma; blood cells; urine; and tissues from liver, bone, hair, and fingernails |
length | also called recumbent length; refers to the length taken when children are supine |
height (stature) | refers to the measurement taken when a child is standing upright |
skinfold thickness | one convenient measure of body fat; measure w/ special calipers at the most common site, triceps, subscapula, suprailiac, abdomen, and upper thigh |
arm circumference | an indirect measure of muscle mass |
head circumference | measure head circumference up to 36 months of age and in any child whose head is questionable |
Birth to 2 years (temp routes) | axillary; rectal- if definitive temperature reading is needed for infants older than 1 months of age |
2 to 5 years(temp routes) | axillary; tympanic; oral- when child can hold thermometer under tongue; rectal- if definitive reading is needed |
Older than 5 years (temp routes) | oral, axillary, tympanic |
core temperature | most closely reflects the temperature of the blood flow through the carotid arteries to the hypothalmus |
normothermia | a normal temperature state; when a child;s temperature is altered, receptors in the skin, spinal cord, and brain respond in attempt to achieve a normal state |
electronic intermittent thermometers | measure the pts temp at oral, rectal, and axillary sites; these are used as primary diagnostic indicators |
infrared thermometers | measure the pts temp by collecting emitted thermal radiation from a particular site (e.g., ear canal) |
electronic continuous thermometer | measure the pts thermometer during administration of general anesthesia, treatments of hypothermia or hyperthermia, and other situations that require continuous monitoring |
apical impulse | heard through a stethoscope held to the chest at the apex of the heart (most reliable) |
oscillometry | pressure changes are transmitted through the arterial wall to the pressure cuff, and the oscillations are detected by a pressure sensitive indicator |
Doppler ultrasonography | translates changes in ultrasound frequency caused by blood movement w/in the artery to audible sound by means of a transducer in the cuff |
cuff size | refers only to the inner inflatable bladder, not the cloth covering |
normotensive | if the BP is below the 90th percentile |
orthostatic hypotension (OH) | also called postural hypotension or orthostatic intolerance, often manifests as synocope, vertigo, or lightheadedness and is caused by decreased blood flow to the brain (cerebral hypoperfusion) |