Question | Answer |
a(with a - above it) | Before |
a.c | Before meals |
ASA | Aspirin AKA AcetylSalicylic Acid |
ad lib | As desired |
Acetaminophen | (N-Acetyl-P-AminoPhenol) |
Brakets means | The words are being faded out in medical languange. |
{A.D or AD} | Right ear or Alzheimer's diease |
{A.S or AS} | Left ear |
{A.U or AU} | Both ears |
B.I.D or b.i.d or bid | Twice a day |
c(with a - above it) | with |
Cap(s) | capsule(s) or caplet(s) |
comp. | compound |
CR or C-R | Controlled Release |
D(Zyrtec D) | Decongestant |
D/C | Discontinue OR Discharge |
DR | Drug Resistant |
D.S or DS | Double Strength |
elix. | elixir |
ER | Extended Release |
ES | Extra strength |
FA | Folic acid |
GHB | Gammahydroxybutyrate AKA the "date rape drug" |
h or hr | hour |
hour is also written as a | degree sign |
{h.s} | hours of sleep(bedtime) |
{h.s}is usually at | 2200 hours(10:00pm) |
HS | Half strength |
HTN | hypertension |
IB | Ibuprofen |
IND | Investigational New Drug |
INJ or inj | Injection |
K | Potassium |
KCL | Potassium chloride |
K or KCI is commonly measured in | Milliequivalents(mEq.) |
LA or L.A or L-A | Long acting |
Liq. | Liquid |
MDR | Multidrug resistant or minimum Daily Requirements |
MN | MidNight |
{MS} | Morphine Sulfate or Multiple Sclerosis or Magnesium Sulfate |
{MSO (little)4} | Morphine sulfate |
{MgSO(little)4} | Magnesium sulfate |
ND | Nondrowsy |
NIH | National Institutes of Health |
NKA | No Known Allergies |
NKDA | No Known Drug Allergies |
NPO or n.p.o. | Nothing by mouth |
NR | No Refills |
NS or NSS | Normal Saline Solution |
NS or NSS is AKA | 0.9% sodium chloride(NaCL) |
{O.D or OD} | right eye or overdose |
{O.S or OS} | Left eye |
{O.U or OU} | Both eyes |
OTC or otc | over the counter |
p(with a - above it) | after |
p.c or pc | after meals |
PT or pt{pt} | patient |
PCN | penicillin |
PCA | Patient controlled analgesia |
PRN or p.r.n. | as needed(whenever necessary) |
q(with a - above it) | every |
{Q.D. or q.d. or qd} | every day |
q.h. or qh | every hour |
q.2.h. or q2h | every two hours |
Q.I.D. or q.i.d. | four times a day |
{Q.O.D. or q.o.d.} | every other day |
RDA | Recommended daily allowance |
RFs | Refills |
RPh | Registered Pharmacist |
Rx | Prescription |
s(with a - above it) | without |
SA | Sustained action |
SPF | Sun Protection Factor |
SR | Slow release or sustained release |
ss(with a - above it) | one half |
ss | sliding scale |
A sliding scale(ss)refers to | Insulin dosage based on Blood Sugar(BS) |
Stat. | Now |
syp. | syrup |
tab or tabs | tablet(s) |
TDM | Therapeutic Drug Monitoring |
T.I.D. or t.i.d. | Three times a day |
TPN | Total parental Nutrition AKA hyperalimetation("hyperal") |
Total parental Nutrition (TPN)refers to | The adminstration of all nutrients intravenously(IV) |
UD | Unit Dose |
Ung. or oint. | ointment |
WHO | World Health Organization |
WNL | Within normal limits |
w/o | without |
XL | extended length |
XR | extended release |
> | Greater then |
| less then |
(drawing of a triangle) | change |
The study of drugs AND their interactions with living organisms is called | Pharmacology |
Any nonfood chemical substance that affects the mind or body is called a | drug |
A drug deliberately administered for it's medicinal value is called a | medicine |
The three medical usues for medications are to: | 1.)prevent disease 2.)Diagnose disease 3.)treat disease |
FDA stands for | Food and Drug Administration |
The Food and Drug Administration(FDA)regulates | prescription and over the counter (OTC)medications for the use in the US. |
DEA stands for | Drug Enforcement Administration |
The Drug Enforcement Administration(DEA)regulates the | manufacturing AND dispensing of potentially abused drugs |
Schedule drugs refers to | drugs that have a potential for abuse |
schedule drugs are | controlled drugs |
THe lower the number of the scheduled drug the | greater the abuse potential |
United States Pharmacopeia or National Formulary(USP/NF) | a list of all prescribed AND Over the Counter(OTC)medications in the US AND all information known about each medication. |
A common pharmacopeia is a | Physician's Desk Reference(PDR) |
The name given to a drug when it is created is called the | genetic name |
A generic name is usually recognized by: | 1.)Being lower cased 2.)Being usually hard to pronounce 3.)Being in parentheses |
THe nick-name given to a generic drug so consumers will remember it easily is called the | Trade name OR brand name OR product name |
The trade name is usually recognized by: | 1.)Being capitalized 2.)Being easy to pronounce 3.)Having a registered mark |
Trade name medications AND their generic equivalent must contain exactly the same amount of | active ingredients |
active igredients are desighed to provide the | therapeutic(beneficial)effect |
Ingredients permitted to vary from genetic trade name drugs are called | inert(inactive)ingredients |
inert(inactive)ingredients include: | 1.)binders 2.)fillers 3.)Preservatives 4.)Antioxidants 5.)buffers |
Pharmacists are permitted to substitute a generic drug for a prescribed trade name drug UNLESS the prescribing physician requests | "no substitutions" or "dispense As Written(DAW). |
Poisonous effects of a drug are called | toxic effects |
The dosage margin between the therapeutic(beneficial)effect AND toxic (poisonous)effect is called the | Therapeutic index(TI) |
NTI stands for | Narrow therapeutic Index |
A large intial (beginning)dose of a medication to quickly reach the Therapeutic Index(TI) is called a | Loading dose or bolus |
An inert (inactive)pharmacological agent prescribed to create a psychological AND/OR physiological effect is called a | placebo AKA a "sugar pill" |
All new pharmaceutical drugs are protected by a patent lasting | 17 years |
A drug patent means that | no other company can manufacture OR market an identical drug |
Most medications are detoxified by the | liver |
Most medications are excreted by the | kidneys |
Most medications can be detected in a | urine sample |
a tablet that has a indented line running across the top is called | scored |
A tablet designed to dissolve in a glass of water before being swallowed is called | effervescent |
Tablets covered with a special coating that prevents stomach upset are called | enteric coated |
And enteric coated ASA(aspirin)is called | Ecotrin |
The classifications of ASA(aspirin)include: | 1.)non-narcotic analgesic(pain management)
2.)nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID)
3.)antipyretic(against fever)
4.)Anticoagulant (against clotting) |
Medicationa that disintergrate slowly into a liquid(liq)form that releases the drug into the mouth AND throat is called a | Lozenge OR troche OR pastille |
The term used to describe a liquid(liq)with a watery consistency is | Aqueous |
The term used to describe a thick liquid(liq)is | viscous |
A small bottle containing injectable medication with a rubber diaphragm at the bottle neck for needle insertion is called a | vial |
A small slender container with a narrow neck which houses an injectable liquid(liq)is called a | ampule(Amp) |
A liquid(liq)medication that contains alcohol(ETOH)is called an | elixir (elix.)OR tincture. |
A liquid(liq) medications that contains no alcohol(ETOH)and is a concentrated solution of sugar,water,AND flavorings is called a | syrup(syp) |
Fat globules dispersed throughout a water base is called an | emulsion |
Drug particles dispersed throughout a thickened water base is called a | gel |
Undissolved particles of a medication to be mixed with a liquid (water)just before use is called a | suspension(susp.) |
Since the particles will settle,a suspension(susp)must be | shaken well before use |
The route of administration is the | path by which a medication is taken into the body. |
The method by which a medication is dispensed is called | administration |
Dispense means to | prepare AND distribute |
Movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream is called | absorption |
Routes of administration include: | 1.)a medication applied to the skin OR the eyes OR the ears is called topical(top). |
Topical medications include: | Lotions,ointments(ung.OR oint)AND creams |
medication patch adminstration through the skin to the bloodstream is called | transdermal |
A medication administered by mouth (orally)id abbreviated | PO or po or p.o. |
A medication administered SL stands for | sublingual(under the tongue) |
A medication administered IN stands for | intranasal |
a medication administered through a NG{ng}refers to a | nasogastric tube |
A medication administered through a G tube OR J tube refers to a | gastrostomy tube OR jejunostomy tube |
A medication administered PR stands for | per rectum |
Medicationa administered rectally usually refer to | suppositories(supp.)AND enemas. |
medications administered vaginally(Vag.)usally refers to | suppositories OR creams OR foams OR douches |
Inhalation(INH)administration refers to | breathing in medications |
Inhalation(INH)administration includes: | a.)MDI which stands for metered dose inhaler.
b.)Nebulizers AKA vaporizers. |
NPPV which stands for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation AKA IPPB which stands for | intermittent positive pressure breathing. |
Endotracheal(ET)adminstration refers to | within the trachea(windpipe). |
Parenteral (hypodermic)administration includes: | Intradermal(ID)administration refers to an injection(INJ or inj) within the skin |
Common intradermal (ID)injectiona (INJ or inj)include | Mantoux AKA PPD or tine |
Intramuscular(I.M. or IM)administration refers to an injection (INJ or inj) | within a muscle |
Intravenous (I.V. or IV) administration refers to an injection(INJ or inj) | within a vein |
IVP stands for | intravenous push |
IVPB stands for | intravenous piggyback |
Common intravenous piggyback (IVPB) medications include | antibiotics |
Intra-articular(IA)administration refers to an injection(INJ or inj)into a | joint |
Common intra-articular(IA)medications include | steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) |
Intrathecal(IT)administration refers to an injection(INJ or inj)into the | Subarachnoid (SA)space |
Common intrathecal(IT)medications include | anesthesia AND analgesics (pain management) |
Epidural(ED) administration refers to an injection(INJ or inj)above the | dura mater(outermost meninx) |
Common epidural (ED)injections(INJ or inj)include | anesthesia and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(SAIDS) |
An epidural(ED)injecion(INJ or inj)is AKA a | Caudal injection (INJ or inj)or saddle block |
The drug's main action for which it was prescribed by the physician is called the | Therapeutic(beneficial)effect |
Drug actions that are undesirable but NOT unexpected are called | side effects |
Severe side effects are called | adverse effects |
An exaggerated allergic reaction to a medication is called | anaphylaxis |
An undesirable interaction of drugs is called | incompatibility |
A unique reaction to a medication is called an | idiosyncrasy |
A drug that deactivates another drug is called an | antagonist |
The combining of medications to produce an exaggerated effect is called | synergism |
An example of a therapeutic (beneficial)synergistic effect is | Tylenol#3 which contains acetaminophen(APAP)and codeine
together they provide an increased analgesic(pain management)effect |
An example of an undesirable synergistic effect is the combination of antihistamines AND alcohol(ETOH)which can cause | unusual drowsiness |
The synergistic effect of combining tranquillzers AND alcohol(ETOH)can cause | death |
mL stands for | Milliliter |
A milliliter(mL)is equal to a | cubic centimeter{cc} |
L OR l stands for | liter |
1 liter(L)= | 1000 millilters(mL){cc} |
mg stands for | milligram |
g{gm GM}stands for | gram |
1 gram(g)= | 1000 milligrams(mg) |
mcg{ug}stands for | microgram |
1 gram(g)= | 1,000,000 micrograms(mcg) |
kg{Kg}stands for | kilogram |
1 kilogram(kg)= | 1000 grams(g) |
M stands for | meter |
cm stands for | centimeter |
1000 milligrams (mg)= | 1 gram(g) |
1000 milliliters(mL)= | 1 liter(L) |
1000 millimeters(mm)= | 1 meter (M) |
1 gram(g)= | 1000 milligrams(mg) |
1 liter(L)= | 1000 milliliters(mL) |
1 meter(M)= | 1000 millimeters(mm) |
i (with a line across it)stands for | one |
ii (with a line across it)stands for | two |
iii (with a line across it)stands for | three |
iv(with a line across the i)stands for | four |
v(with a line in front and in back) stands for | five |
x(with a line in front and in back)stands for | ten (without the lines, it stands for times |
oz.stands for | ounce |
Tsp. OR tsp. stands for | teaspoon |
Tbsp. stands for | tablespoon |
gr.stands for | grain |
Ib or # stands for | pound |
pound(Ib.)i(with a line across it)= | 16 ounces(oz.) |
Gal stands for | gallon |
gallon(Gal)i(with a line across it)= | 128 oz. |
gt. stands for | a drop |
gtt. stands for | drops |
1 kilogram(kg)= | 2.2 pounds(Ib) |
ounce(oz.)i(with a line across it)= | 30 milliliters(mL){cc} |
teaspoon (Tsp or tsp)i(with a line across it)= | 15 milliliters (mL){cc} |
tablespoon (Tbsp)i(with a line across it)= | 15 milliliters(mL){cc} |
grain(gr.)i(with a line across it)= | 60 milligrams(mg) |
2.54 centimeters(cm)= | 1 inch(in) |
Physical or psychological dependence on a drug with a increase of dosage for desired effect(tolerance)AND withdrawal symptoms when deprived of the drug is called | addiction |
medications used to treat malignancies are called | antineoplastics AKA chemotherapy("chemo") |
Medications used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called | antiseptics |
inhibiting the growth of bacteria(preservative)is called | bacteriostasis |
The inside diameter of a needle is called the | bore OR gauge |
As the number (#)of the gauge(bore)increases,the size of the needle bore | decreases |
A small intravenous(IV)needle with plastic wings is called a | butterfly needle |
Reason(s)why a medication should NOT be administered is called a | contraindication(s) |
Agents used to kill microorganisms are called | disinfectants |
Insulin is measured in | units{U} |
Other medications measured in units{U}include: | 1.)heparin
2.)vitamins
3.)Injectable penicillin(PCN) |
Periodic doses of a drug to maintain a therapeutic(beneficial)level are called | maintenance doses |
Medications used to constrict the pupils(miosis)are called | miotics |
Medications used to dilate the pupils (mydriasis)are called | mydriatica |
A blood test to indicate the highest serum level of a drug is called the | peal level |
A blood test to indicate the lowest serum level of a drug is called the | trough level |
Medications used to prevent an occurrence are called | prophylactics |
Prophylactic medications include: | 1.)Birth Control Pills(BCPs)AKA oral contraceptive pills(OCPs)
2.)Antibiotics
3.)Vaccines |
Vaccines are AKA | Inoculations or Immunizations |
A standardized written plan of treatment is called a | Protocol |
Determining the smallest dosage that will produce a therapeutic(beneficial)effect is called | titration(titrate) |
Medications used to increase the diameter of the blood vessels are called | Vasodilators |
Vasodilators are used to treat | Angina Pectoris(AP) and Hypertension(HTN) |
Medications used to decrease the diameter of the blood vessels are called | vasopressors(vasoconstrictors) |
Vasopressors are used to treat | extreme hypotension(low blood pressure) |
Each day has _____hours | 24 |
In military time,each hour in the day has a | different number |
0100= | 1:00am |
0200= | 2:00am |
0300= | 3:00am |
0400= | 4:00am |
0500= | 5:00am |
0600= | 6:00am |
0700= | 7:00am |
0800= | 8:00am |
0900= | 9:00am |
1000= | 10:00am |
1100= | 11:00am |
1200= | noon |
1300= | 1:00pm |
1400= | 2:00pm |
1500= | 3:00pm |
1600= | 4:00pm |
1700= | 5:00pm |
1800= | 6:00pm |
1900= | 7:00pm |
2000= | 8:00pm |
2100= | 9:00pm |
2200= | 10:00pm |
2300= | 11:00pm |
2400= | midnight |
0001= | 1 minute after midnight |
0059= | 1 minute before 0100 |
1330 plus 30 minutes= | 1400 |
2055 plus 5 minutes= | 2100 |