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Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a(with a - above it) | Before |
| a.c | Before meals |
| ASA | Aspirin AKA AcetylSalicylic Acid |
| ad lib | As desired |
| Acetaminophen | (N-Acetyl-P-AminoPhenol) |
| Brakets means | The words are being faded out in medical languange. |
| {A.D or AD} | Right ear or Alzheimer's diease |
| {A.S or AS} | Left ear |
| {A.U or AU} | Both ears |
| B.I.D or b.i.d or bid | Twice a day |
| c(with a - above it) | with |
| Cap(s) | capsule(s) or caplet(s) |
| comp. | compound |
| CR or C-R | Controlled Release |
| D(Zyrtec D) | Decongestant |
| D/C | Discontinue OR Discharge |
| DR | Drug Resistant |
| D.S or DS | Double Strength |
| elix. | elixir |
| ER | Extended Release |
| ES | Extra strength |
| FA | Folic acid |
| GHB | Gammahydroxybutyrate AKA the "date rape drug" |
| h or hr | hour |
| hour is also written as a | degree sign |
| {h.s} | hours of sleep(bedtime) |
| {h.s}is usually at | 2200 hours(10:00pm) |
| HS | Half strength |
| HTN | hypertension |
| IB | Ibuprofen |
| IND | Investigational New Drug |
| INJ or inj | Injection |
| K | Potassium |
| KCL | Potassium chloride |
| K or KCI is commonly measured in | Milliequivalents(mEq.) |
| LA or L.A or L-A | Long acting |
| Liq. | Liquid |
| MDR | Multidrug resistant or minimum Daily Requirements |
| MN | MidNight |
| {MS} | Morphine Sulfate or Multiple Sclerosis or Magnesium Sulfate |
| {MSO (little)4} | Morphine sulfate |
| {MgSO(little)4} | Magnesium sulfate |
| ND | Nondrowsy |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| NKA | No Known Allergies |
| NKDA | No Known Drug Allergies |
| NPO or n.p.o. | Nothing by mouth |
| NR | No Refills |
| NS or NSS | Normal Saline Solution |
| NS or NSS is AKA | 0.9% sodium chloride(NaCL) |
| {O.D or OD} | right eye or overdose |
| {O.S or OS} | Left eye |
| {O.U or OU} | Both eyes |
| OTC or otc | over the counter |
| p(with a - above it) | after |
| p.c or pc | after meals |
| PT or pt{pt} | patient |
| PCN | penicillin |
| PCA | Patient controlled analgesia |
| PRN or p.r.n. | as needed(whenever necessary) |
| q(with a - above it) | every |
| {Q.D. or q.d. or qd} | every day |
| q.h. or qh | every hour |
| q.2.h. or q2h | every two hours |
| Q.I.D. or q.i.d. | four times a day |
| {Q.O.D. or q.o.d.} | every other day |
| RDA | Recommended daily allowance |
| RFs | Refills |
| RPh | Registered Pharmacist |
| Rx | Prescription |
| s(with a - above it) | without |
| SA | Sustained action |
| SPF | Sun Protection Factor |
| SR | Slow release or sustained release |
| ss(with a - above it) | one half |
| ss | sliding scale |
| A sliding scale(ss)refers to | Insulin dosage based on Blood Sugar(BS) |
| Stat. | Now |
| syp. | syrup |
| tab or tabs | tablet(s) |
| TDM | Therapeutic Drug Monitoring |
| T.I.D. or t.i.d. | Three times a day |
| TPN | Total parental Nutrition AKA hyperalimetation("hyperal") |
| Total parental Nutrition (TPN)refers to | The adminstration of all nutrients intravenously(IV) |
| UD | Unit Dose |
| Ung. or oint. | ointment |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WNL | Within normal limits |
| w/o | without |
| XL | extended length |
| XR | extended release |
| > | Greater then |
| less then | |
| (drawing of a triangle) | change |
| The study of drugs AND their interactions with living organisms is called | Pharmacology |
| Any nonfood chemical substance that affects the mind or body is called a | drug |
| A drug deliberately administered for it's medicinal value is called a | medicine |
| The three medical usues for medications are to: | 1.)prevent disease 2.)Diagnose disease 3.)treat disease |
| FDA stands for | Food and Drug Administration |
| The Food and Drug Administration(FDA)regulates | prescription and over the counter (OTC)medications for the use in the US. |
| DEA stands for | Drug Enforcement Administration |
| The Drug Enforcement Administration(DEA)regulates the | manufacturing AND dispensing of potentially abused drugs |
| Schedule drugs refers to | drugs that have a potential for abuse |
| schedule drugs are | controlled drugs |
| THe lower the number of the scheduled drug the | greater the abuse potential |
| United States Pharmacopeia or National Formulary(USP/NF) | a list of all prescribed AND Over the Counter(OTC)medications in the US AND all information known about each medication. |
| A common pharmacopeia is a | Physician's Desk Reference(PDR) |
| The name given to a drug when it is created is called the | genetic name |
| A generic name is usually recognized by: | 1.)Being lower cased 2.)Being usually hard to pronounce 3.)Being in parentheses |
| THe nick-name given to a generic drug so consumers will remember it easily is called the | Trade name OR brand name OR product name |
| The trade name is usually recognized by: | 1.)Being capitalized 2.)Being easy to pronounce 3.)Having a registered mark |
| Trade name medications AND their generic equivalent must contain exactly the same amount of | active ingredients |
| active igredients are desighed to provide the | therapeutic(beneficial)effect |
| Ingredients permitted to vary from genetic trade name drugs are called | inert(inactive)ingredients |
| inert(inactive)ingredients include: | 1.)binders 2.)fillers 3.)Preservatives 4.)Antioxidants 5.)buffers |
| Pharmacists are permitted to substitute a generic drug for a prescribed trade name drug UNLESS the prescribing physician requests | "no substitutions" or "dispense As Written(DAW). |
| Poisonous effects of a drug are called | toxic effects |
| The dosage margin between the therapeutic(beneficial)effect AND toxic (poisonous)effect is called the | Therapeutic index(TI) |
| NTI stands for | Narrow therapeutic Index |
| A large intial (beginning)dose of a medication to quickly reach the Therapeutic Index(TI) is called a | Loading dose or bolus |
| An inert (inactive)pharmacological agent prescribed to create a psychological AND/OR physiological effect is called a | placebo AKA a "sugar pill" |
| All new pharmaceutical drugs are protected by a patent lasting | 17 years |
| A drug patent means that | no other company can manufacture OR market an identical drug |
| Most medications are detoxified by the | liver |
| Most medications are excreted by the | kidneys |
| Most medications can be detected in a | urine sample |
| a tablet that has a indented line running across the top is called | scored |
| A tablet designed to dissolve in a glass of water before being swallowed is called | effervescent |
| Tablets covered with a special coating that prevents stomach upset are called | enteric coated |
| And enteric coated ASA(aspirin)is called | Ecotrin |
| The classifications of ASA(aspirin)include: | 1.)non-narcotic analgesic(pain management) 2.)nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) 3.)antipyretic(against fever) 4.)Anticoagulant (against clotting) |
| Medicationa that disintergrate slowly into a liquid(liq)form that releases the drug into the mouth AND throat is called a | Lozenge OR troche OR pastille |
| The term used to describe a liquid(liq)with a watery consistency is | Aqueous |
| The term used to describe a thick liquid(liq)is | viscous |
| A small bottle containing injectable medication with a rubber diaphragm at the bottle neck for needle insertion is called a | vial |
| A small slender container with a narrow neck which houses an injectable liquid(liq)is called a | ampule(Amp) |
| A liquid(liq)medication that contains alcohol(ETOH)is called an | elixir (elix.)OR tincture. |
| A liquid(liq) medications that contains no alcohol(ETOH)and is a concentrated solution of sugar,water,AND flavorings is called a | syrup(syp) |
| Fat globules dispersed throughout a water base is called an | emulsion |
| Drug particles dispersed throughout a thickened water base is called a | gel |
| Undissolved particles of a medication to be mixed with a liquid (water)just before use is called a | suspension(susp.) |
| Since the particles will settle,a suspension(susp)must be | shaken well before use |
| The route of administration is the | path by which a medication is taken into the body. |
| The method by which a medication is dispensed is called | administration |
| Dispense means to | prepare AND distribute |
| Movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream is called | absorption |
| Routes of administration include: | 1.)a medication applied to the skin OR the eyes OR the ears is called topical(top). |
| Topical medications include: | Lotions,ointments(ung.OR oint)AND creams |
| medication patch adminstration through the skin to the bloodstream is called | transdermal |
| A medication administered by mouth (orally)id abbreviated | PO or po or p.o. |
| A medication administered SL stands for | sublingual(under the tongue) |
| A medication administered IN stands for | intranasal |
| a medication administered through a NG{ng}refers to a | nasogastric tube |
| A medication administered through a G tube OR J tube refers to a | gastrostomy tube OR jejunostomy tube |
| A medication administered PR stands for | per rectum |
| Medicationa administered rectally usually refer to | suppositories(supp.)AND enemas. |
| medications administered vaginally(Vag.)usally refers to | suppositories OR creams OR foams OR douches |
| Inhalation(INH)administration refers to | breathing in medications |
| Inhalation(INH)administration includes: | a.)MDI which stands for metered dose inhaler. b.)Nebulizers AKA vaporizers. |
| NPPV which stands for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation AKA IPPB which stands for | intermittent positive pressure breathing. |
| Endotracheal(ET)adminstration refers to | within the trachea(windpipe). |
| Parenteral (hypodermic)administration includes: | Intradermal(ID)administration refers to an injection(INJ or inj) within the skin |
| Common intradermal (ID)injectiona (INJ or inj)include | Mantoux AKA PPD or tine |
| Intramuscular(I.M. or IM)administration refers to an injection (INJ or inj) | within a muscle |
| Intravenous (I.V. or IV) administration refers to an injection(INJ or inj) | within a vein |
| IVP stands for | intravenous push |
| IVPB stands for | intravenous piggyback |
| Common intravenous piggyback (IVPB) medications include | antibiotics |
| Intra-articular(IA)administration refers to an injection(INJ or inj)into a | joint |
| Common intra-articular(IA)medications include | steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) |
| Intrathecal(IT)administration refers to an injection(INJ or inj)into the | Subarachnoid (SA)space |
| Common intrathecal(IT)medications include | anesthesia AND analgesics (pain management) |
| Epidural(ED) administration refers to an injection(INJ or inj)above the | dura mater(outermost meninx) |
| Common epidural (ED)injections(INJ or inj)include | anesthesia and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(SAIDS) |
| An epidural(ED)injecion(INJ or inj)is AKA a | Caudal injection (INJ or inj)or saddle block |
| The drug's main action for which it was prescribed by the physician is called the | Therapeutic(beneficial)effect |
| Drug actions that are undesirable but NOT unexpected are called | side effects |
| Severe side effects are called | adverse effects |
| An exaggerated allergic reaction to a medication is called | anaphylaxis |
| An undesirable interaction of drugs is called | incompatibility |
| A unique reaction to a medication is called an | idiosyncrasy |
| A drug that deactivates another drug is called an | antagonist |
| The combining of medications to produce an exaggerated effect is called | synergism |
| An example of a therapeutic (beneficial)synergistic effect is | Tylenol#3 which contains acetaminophen(APAP)and codeine together they provide an increased analgesic(pain management)effect |
| An example of an undesirable synergistic effect is the combination of antihistamines AND alcohol(ETOH)which can cause | unusual drowsiness |
| The synergistic effect of combining tranquillzers AND alcohol(ETOH)can cause | death |
| mL stands for | Milliliter |
| A milliliter(mL)is equal to a | cubic centimeter{cc} |
| L OR l stands for | liter |
| 1 liter(L)= | 1000 millilters(mL){cc} |
| mg stands for | milligram |
| g{gm GM}stands for | gram |
| 1 gram(g)= | 1000 milligrams(mg) |
| mcg{ug}stands for | microgram |
| 1 gram(g)= | 1,000,000 micrograms(mcg) |
| kg{Kg}stands for | kilogram |
| 1 kilogram(kg)= | 1000 grams(g) |
| M stands for | meter |
| cm stands for | centimeter |
| 1000 milligrams (mg)= | 1 gram(g) |
| 1000 milliliters(mL)= | 1 liter(L) |
| 1000 millimeters(mm)= | 1 meter (M) |
| 1 gram(g)= | 1000 milligrams(mg) |
| 1 liter(L)= | 1000 milliliters(mL) |
| 1 meter(M)= | 1000 millimeters(mm) |
| i (with a line across it)stands for | one |
| ii (with a line across it)stands for | two |
| iii (with a line across it)stands for | three |
| iv(with a line across the i)stands for | four |
| v(with a line in front and in back) stands for | five |
| x(with a line in front and in back)stands for | ten (without the lines, it stands for times |
| oz.stands for | ounce |
| Tsp. OR tsp. stands for | teaspoon |
| Tbsp. stands for | tablespoon |
| gr.stands for | grain |
| Ib or # stands for | pound |
| pound(Ib.)i(with a line across it)= | 16 ounces(oz.) |
| Gal stands for | gallon |
| gallon(Gal)i(with a line across it)= | 128 oz. |
| gt. stands for | a drop |
| gtt. stands for | drops |
| 1 kilogram(kg)= | 2.2 pounds(Ib) |
| ounce(oz.)i(with a line across it)= | 30 milliliters(mL){cc} |
| teaspoon (Tsp or tsp)i(with a line across it)= | 15 milliliters (mL){cc} |
| tablespoon (Tbsp)i(with a line across it)= | 15 milliliters(mL){cc} |
| grain(gr.)i(with a line across it)= | 60 milligrams(mg) |
| 2.54 centimeters(cm)= | 1 inch(in) |
| Physical or psychological dependence on a drug with a increase of dosage for desired effect(tolerance)AND withdrawal symptoms when deprived of the drug is called | addiction |
| medications used to treat malignancies are called | antineoplastics AKA chemotherapy("chemo") |
| Medications used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called | antiseptics |
| inhibiting the growth of bacteria(preservative)is called | bacteriostasis |
| The inside diameter of a needle is called the | bore OR gauge |
| As the number (#)of the gauge(bore)increases,the size of the needle bore | decreases |
| A small intravenous(IV)needle with plastic wings is called a | butterfly needle |
| Reason(s)why a medication should NOT be administered is called a | contraindication(s) |
| Agents used to kill microorganisms are called | disinfectants |
| Insulin is measured in | units{U} |
| Other medications measured in units{U}include: | 1.)heparin 2.)vitamins 3.)Injectable penicillin(PCN) |
| Periodic doses of a drug to maintain a therapeutic(beneficial)level are called | maintenance doses |
| Medications used to constrict the pupils(miosis)are called | miotics |
| Medications used to dilate the pupils (mydriasis)are called | mydriatica |
| A blood test to indicate the highest serum level of a drug is called the | peal level |
| A blood test to indicate the lowest serum level of a drug is called the | trough level |
| Medications used to prevent an occurrence are called | prophylactics |
| Prophylactic medications include: | 1.)Birth Control Pills(BCPs)AKA oral contraceptive pills(OCPs) 2.)Antibiotics 3.)Vaccines |
| Vaccines are AKA | Inoculations or Immunizations |
| A standardized written plan of treatment is called a | Protocol |
| Determining the smallest dosage that will produce a therapeutic(beneficial)effect is called | titration(titrate) |
| Medications used to increase the diameter of the blood vessels are called | Vasodilators |
| Vasodilators are used to treat | Angina Pectoris(AP) and Hypertension(HTN) |
| Medications used to decrease the diameter of the blood vessels are called | vasopressors(vasoconstrictors) |
| Vasopressors are used to treat | extreme hypotension(low blood pressure) |
| Each day has _____hours | 24 |
| In military time,each hour in the day has a | different number |
| 0100= | 1:00am |
| 0200= | 2:00am |
| 0300= | 3:00am |
| 0400= | 4:00am |
| 0500= | 5:00am |
| 0600= | 6:00am |
| 0700= | 7:00am |
| 0800= | 8:00am |
| 0900= | 9:00am |
| 1000= | 10:00am |
| 1100= | 11:00am |
| 1200= | noon |
| 1300= | 1:00pm |
| 1400= | 2:00pm |
| 1500= | 3:00pm |
| 1600= | 4:00pm |
| 1700= | 5:00pm |
| 1800= | 6:00pm |
| 1900= | 7:00pm |
| 2000= | 8:00pm |
| 2100= | 9:00pm |
| 2200= | 10:00pm |
| 2300= | 11:00pm |
| 2400= | midnight |
| 0001= | 1 minute after midnight |
| 0059= | 1 minute before 0100 |
| 1330 plus 30 minutes= | 1400 |
| 2055 plus 5 minutes= | 2100 |
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BLM1095
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