Question | Answer |
About ____ of adult body is fluid (TBW) | 60% |
What fluid types make up 60% of an adults body fluid? | Intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and plasma volume |
What are the Fluid location terminology by reference point for cells, blood vessels, and tissues | Cells: ICF, ECF
Blood vessels: intravascular
Tissues: Interstitial |
Dehydration leads to disturbance in balance between amount of ___in ____compartment & ____ compartment
| fluid;extracellular and intracellular |
What are the three types of dehydration? | Hypertonic
Hypotonic:
Isotonic: |
Hypertonic definiton is…. | fluid moves out of cells, dehydrating the cells (eg., fever with perspiration) |
Hypotonic definition is... | fluid moves into cells (loss of salt > loss of water) |
Isotonic definition | decrease in volume of ECF (loss of Na & water from body, eg., diarrhea & vomiting)
|
Crystalloids are fluids given by ____injection | I.V. |
Crystalloids supply____ & _____to maintain the osmotic gradient between the extravascular and intravascular compartments
| water and sodium |
What are four types of crystalloids? | Normal Saline
Lactated Ringer’s
D5W
Plasma-Lyte |
Normal Saline
Lactated Ringer’s
D5W
Plasma-Lyte | May be:
Isotonic (0.9% normal saline)
Hypotonic (0.45% NS)
Hypertonic (10% D5W)
Electrolytes (LR, PL) |
An isotonic solution is one in which normal body cells can be placed without causing either ____ or ____ of cells | shrinkage or swelling |
A ____solution will cause cells to shrink | hypertonic |
Colloids are large protein particles that ______out of the blood vessels | cannot leak |
Higher concentration of colloid solutes inside blood vessels than outside the blood vessels; fluid moves ____this hypertonic area in an attempt to make it ____ | toward ; isotonic |
Administer ___ by _____ slowly & cautiously to prevent fluid overload and heart failure
| colloids; I.V., |
____ is administered at room temperature
| Albumin |
____ products are the only class of fluids capable of carrying oxygen | Blood |
Blood products are given ONLY with _____ 0.9% | Normal Saline 0.9% |
___ will cause ______ in transfusions | D5W; hemolysis of RBCs |
_____ products are always checked by _____ nurses before administering | Blood; two |
Electrolytes; Potassium (K+):____ to ____ mEq/L | 3.5 to 5.0 |
____ is Essential for maintenance of acid-base balance, isotonicity, & the electrodynamic characteristics of the cell | Potassium (K+) |
Fruit and juices, fish, vegetables, poultry, meats, and dairy products will provide | Potassium (K+) |
What is Hypokalemia? | lethargy, mental confusion, muscle weakness, nausea (Tx: Potassium Supplements) |
What is Hyperkalemia? | red flushed skin, dry mucus membranes, thirst, decreased urination, cardiac rhythm irregularities (Tx: Kayexalate) |
NEVER give undiluted ____ – because it can result in ventricular fibrillation & cardiac arrest | potassium chloride |
NEVER give potassium ____ or ____ | IV push; IV bolus |
What is the usual dose of potassium? | Usual dose is 40 mEq K+/1000 mL fluid at a rate not to exceed 20 mEq/hour |
What is the amount for Sodium ( Na+) | Sodium (Na+): 135-145 mEq/L |
_____ Performs many physiologic roles necessary for the normal function of the body, principally involved in control of water distribution, fluid & electrolyte balance, & osmotic pressure of body fluids
| Sodium (Na+): 135-145 mEq/L |
Salt, fish, meats, and other foods flavored, seasoned, or preserved with sal provide _____. | Sodium (Na+) |
What are signs of Hyponatremia:? | lethargy, hypotension, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea & seizures |
What are signs of Hypernatremia? | edema, thirst, tachycardia, weakness, convulsions, coma |