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learning to read is anything but natural | the act of reading is complex and intentional |
What functions does reading include? | requires bringing together a number of complex actions involving the eyes, the brain, and the psychology of the mind |
What 2 main processes are described in the article? | phonological awareness and word recognition |
Is reading easy for all students? | No, as for many children, learning to read is neither natural nor easy |
Is it easier or more difficult for students to "catch up in reading"? | research has made it clear that, for those students who fall behind in reading, opportunities to advance or catch up diminish over time. |
Term for the sound of words and letters | phonological awareness |
T/F: Students who enter first grade with a
wealth of phonological awareness are more successful readers than those who do not. | True |
Phonological awareness activities build on and enhance children's experiences with written language and spoken language. | Children who have been immersed in
a literacy environment in which words, word games, rhyming, and story reading are plentiful are more likely
to understand what reading is all about than those who have experienced an impoverished literacy environment. |
What are 2 examples of teaching phonological awareness? | 1. Begin with easy words and progress to more
difficult ones.
2. Develop a sequence and schedule, tailored to each child's needs, for opportunities to apply and develop sounds. |
T/F: Phonological awareness is when children who are ready to begin reading words have developed the following skills: understand that (a) words can be spoken or written, (b) print corresponds to speech, and (c) words are composed of phonemes (sounds) | True |
T/F: Reading comprehension and other higher-order reading activities depend on strong word recognition skills. | True |
Define phonological decoding | to read words, a reader must first see a word
and then access its meaning in memory |
What are 2 examples of teaching reading whole words? | 1. Develop explicit awareness of the connection between sounds and letters and sounds and words
2.Support learning by modeling new sounds & words, correcting errors promptly and explicitly |