Question | Answer |
Basaltic | describes dense, dark-colored igneous rock formed from magma rich in magnesium and iron and poor in silica |
Cementation | sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediment grains are held together by natural cements that are produced when water moves through rock and soil |
Compaction | process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above them |
Extrusive | describes fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near earths surface. |
Foliated | describes metamorphic rock, such as slate and gneiss, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers. |
Granitic | describes generally light-colored, silica-rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock |
Igneous rock | rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens. |
Intrusive | describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface. |
Lava | molten rock that flows from volcanoes onto Earth's surface |
Metamorphic rock | forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedmentary, or other metamorphic rock to change its form and composition, or both |
Nonfoliated | describes metamorphic rock, such as quartzite or marble, whose mineral grains grow and rearrange but generally do not form layers. |
Rock | mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary. |
Rock cycle | model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time. |
Sedimentary rock | forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals form from solutions. |
Sediment | loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and the remains of once-living plants and animals, that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity. |