Question | Answer |
What is an antibiotic? | a naturally occuring substance produced by one organism that is capable of destorying or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. |
What is bactericidal? | agents that destroy. |
What is bacteriostatic? | slows the growth. |
Who is the host? | YOU! |
Penicillins, cephalosporins, cabapenems and monobactams are what? | B-lactam antibiotics that inibit cell was synthesis. |
What are the 5 classes of antiinfective agents? | aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, and oxzolidiones. |
How do the last stated antiinfectives work? | They interfer with the bacterias ability to replicate. |
Rifampin inhibits what? | Bacterial RNA synthesis. |
Mechanisms of microbial resistance include what? | Secretion of enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic, modification of the ribosomal target, production of antibiotic-modifying enzymes and mutation that change bacterial transport mechanism |
Aminoglycosides are effective for treating what? | aerobic gram-negative bacilli, staphylococcus, and mycobacterium. |
Topical aminoglycosides are prescribed for the treatment of what? | blepharitis and conjuctivitis. |
Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. T or F? | True! |
Aminoglycosides are administered before what? | colorectal surgery. |
Serious adverse reactions include what two things? | ototoxicity (hearing loss) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) |
A test used to figure out if its gram negative or gram positive is what? | Gram-stain test. |
What are the generations of Cephs? | 1st, 2nd, 3rd. |
1st generations are most effective against what? | gram + |
2nd generation? | Both gram + and gram - |
3rd generation? | gram negative and anaerobic bacteria. |
What routes of aministration are used for Cephs? | oral, IM and IV. One 3rd generation is parenterally. |
Fluoroquinolones inhibit what? | enzyme DNA gyrase. |
Fluroquinolones are formulated for what routes? | oral, opthmalmic and parenteral. |
The FDA in 2007 did what? | required package labels for telithromycin to indicate that the drug is contraindicated in individuals with myasthenia gravis due to risk of fatal respiratory failure. |
Linezolid is a new antiinfective agent that is indicated for the treatment of gram + bacterial pneumonia and skin structuce infections. It is limited due to what? | side effects and in order to the limit the development of bacterial resistance. |
Linezolid does what? | inhibits bacterial protein synthesis |
Oral penicillins are used to treat what? | upper resp, otitis media, skin and strep. |
Ampicillin is used to treat what? | PID |
What are the differences between penicillins and carbapenems? | P inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall. C inhibit the 3rd step in bacterial cell wall synthesis. |
GI side effects are the most common adverse reaction with what? | Penicillins. |
Sulfonamides are the earliest what? | antiinfective agents. |
Tetracyclines do what? | inhibit protein synthesis. |
Isoniazid is used for what? | TB |
Chloramphenicol is what? | A broad spectrum antiifective. |
Clindamycin is used for what? | Acne and vaginosis. |