| Question | Answer |
| Most Important Step In The Primary Survey | Airway |
| Cervical Spine | If the possibility of spinal injury exists, stabilize the client's cervical spine before attempting other activities |
| Breathing Assessment Includes | Auscultation of lung sounds, observation of chest expansion and respiratory effort, notation of rate and depth of rate and depth of respiration, and identification of chest trauma |
| Identification of Chest Trauma | Bruising, Flail Chest, Punctures |
| Breathing | Look for life threatning chest injuries; chest injuries may cause internal bleeding and injury to the heart and lungs |
| Cirulation: | Hemorrhage Control (direct pressure) |
| Shock: | ^ Heart Rate
decreased Blood Pressure
decreased LOC
Cold
Clammy |
| O P Q R S T | O: Onset
P: Provokes
Q: Quality
R: Radiates
S: Severity
T: Time |
| Triage Under Usual Conditions
* Triage guidelines ensure that clients with the highest acuity needs receive the quickest treatment
*Clients are categorized based upon their acuity
example: | Emergent, Urgent, Nonurgent model |
| Emergent: | life threatning or limb threatning |
| Urgent: | should be treated soon, but risk is not life threatning |
| Nonurgent: | can wait for severeal hours: wait awhile |
| Triage Under Mass Causalty Conditions
*Military (field) of triage is emplemented with a focus of achieving the greatest good for the greates number of people | Emergent or Class I
Urgent or Class II
Nonurgent or Class III
Expectant or Class IV |
| Emergent or Class I | Red Tag, threat to life |
| Urgent or Class II | Yellow Tag, major injuries, immediate treatment |
| Nonurgent or Class III | Green Tag, minor injuries, no immediate treatment |
| Expectant or Class IV | Black Tag, expected and allowed to die |
| Mass Casualty Principles: 1 | In a disaster, those that require minimal care are treated first so that they can help others |
| Mass Casualty Principles: 2 | Each hospital has its own policy that specifies who has the authority to activate and how to activate the disaster or emergency preparedness plan |
| Heat Exhaustion | In clinical setting monitor VS; rehydrate with 0.9% NaCl, check Electrolytes and Fluid Status |
| Heat Stroke | True medical emergency in which body temperature may exceed 104 *F (40 *C) |
| Heat Stroke Signs and Symptoms | profoundly elevated body temperature, seizures |
| Heat Stroke: First Aid Treatment: | Strip away clothing; place ice packs on neck, axillae, chest, and groin; immerse in cold water; |
| Heat Stroke: Hospital Care: | Valium IV for Seizures |
