| Term | Definition |
| Baroque Era | -means busy
-1600-1750 |
| The Baroque Spirits | -turbulent changes in politics, science, arts
-Galileo,Newton
-American colonies: Jamestown and Plymouth |
| Middle-class Music Making | music making centered in home, church, and universities |
| "New Thing" (Style) | -moved from polyphony to homophony
-new style featured solo song with instrumental accompainiment |
| Cantata | -name of genre from the Italian, cantrare- "to sing"
-for solo singer(s) and instrumental accompaniment
-early secular Italian |
| Rhythm, early: free | -rhythm in the early Baroque
-the speech rhythm of monody |
| Rhythm, later: dance-like and vigorous | -rhythm in the late Baroque |
| Ornamentation | subtle dynamics changes done by the performer to enhance the emotion |
| Basso Continuo | -most characteristic of Baroque style
-continuously prominent bass layer
-hamophony
-bass layer presented by two instruments: melody instrument and a chord instrument |
| Major and Minor Modes Dominate | characteristic of the Baroque style |
| Countertenor/Castato | unaltered men to sing alto and soprano |
| Countertenor/Castraoti | altered men to sing alto and soprano |
| Doctrine of Affection (Style) | total relationship of text and music |
| Virtuoso | -associated with high skill and audience a pile
-technical improvements in instrument making
-composer challenges the performers
-Vivaldi - violin virtuoso |
| Women in Baroque Music | -more women were singers and instrumentalists
-more often recognized |
| Strozzi | -Italian singer and composer
-educated in Venice
-excelled in male-dominated fields
-prolific composer of madrigals, arias, cantatas, and motets |
| Amor dormiglione | -composer: Strozzi
-genre:concert aria
-texture: homophony (basso continuo)
-rhythmic style is varied
-form is tenerany: A-B-A
-monody is a style no a texture |
| Baroque Opera | the most important new genre of the Baroque |
| Genre- Opera | large-scale music drama combining...
poetry, acting, scenery, costumes, singing, and instrumental music |
| Orfeo | -demigod
-played the lyre and sang, very good, to make people fall in love with him
-dramatic theme from classical culture
-hymn-like and madrigal-like chorus
-instrumental dance movements |
| Overture/Sinfora | instrumental movement present before the curton goes up on th dramatic action / small overture |
| Recitative | enhanced recitation, sing songy monidy like movement |
| Aria | -finnish manifestation of the song
-exert from an operas |
| Liberetto | little book of just the words of the opera |
| monteverdi | early famous composer of opera: Orfeo, Arianna, Coronation of Poppea
-first to put song, monodies, choruses and instruments together |
| Eurydice | person Orfea is to marry |
| Ensamble | a group of musicians |
| Chorus | a group of singers |
| Instrumental | a musical piece without lyrics |
| Vivaldi | -"The Red Priest"
-Italian violinist and prolific composer
-worked at Conservatorio del' Ospedele ella Pieta |
| Baroque Concerto | -"concerto" from the Latin concertare ("to contend with")
-explores relationship between different performing forces |
| Tutti | the full orchestra |
| Primavera, Mvt 1 | -set of four, 3-movment violoin concertos
-solo violin and string orchestra
-ritornello (a returning passage presented by the full orchestra) |
| Handel | -German born, educated
-studied opera in Italy
-last, London/the Royal Academy of Music (group of composers)
-died an English citizen
-composed Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music (inc.,Suite in D Major) |
| Oratorio | -"Opera-like"
-performed by chorus, solo voices and orchestra
-uses suites and sonatas which are not in an opera |
| Oratorio-Messiah | -Libretto (selected passages from Hebrew and Greek Scriptures)
-three segment organization: Part 1 Christmas, Part 2 Easter, Part 3 Redemption through Faith
-Hallelujah from Part 2 of Spring |
| "Rejoice Greatly" | -from Messiah, Part 1
-aria
-for Soprano
-Da Capo (A-B-A')
-Word-painting melisma (many tones per syllable)
-Ritornelli* |
| Bach, J.S. | -Johann Sebastian
-contrapuntalist
-organist,composer and educator
-career in northern Germany |
| Baroque Orchestra | -strings
-woodwind (made of wood)
-horn and trumpets "natural" (valveless)
-timpani |
| Keyboard Instrumnets | -organ (pipes)
-Harpsichord (strings plucked)
-Clavichord (strings hit with a hammer) |
| Lutheran Choral | -"Battle hymns of the Reformation"
-Martin Luther (came up with Protestantism and said everyone should be able to sing in church) |
| The Late Baroque Contata | -multi-movement genre
-Sinfonia(overture)
-Recitative
-Aria
-Chorus |
| Early Cantatas | secular Italian |
| Late Cantatas | -sacred German cantatas
-"Chorale" cantatas fro the Lutheran |
| Bach's Cantatas | -typically have five to eight movements
-designed to teach church doctrine |
| Ognitation | to double the length of the notes |
| Diminution | to shorten the length of the notes |
| Fugue | -subject (name given to the primary melodic line)
-Counter subject (counter melody)
-exposition (segment of a piece were the primary materials are present or exposed)
-episode ( part of a piece all about modulation, not presentation of a piece) |
| Sonata-Allegro | a form of a movement consisting of three sections, the exposition, development, and recapitulation, often followed by a coda |
| Classical Era | -related to Greek/Roman antiquity
-A supreme accomplishment of lasting appeal
-Concern for order, objectivity, and proportion |
| Musical Style (classical era) | -frequent use of folk-like elements
-sing-able, lyrical melodies ("tunes")
-regular meter and "delightful" rhythms
-homophonic texture
-harmony drivers form |
| -(Wolfgang) Amadeus Mozart | -classical composer...pianist, violinist
-Austrian born
-Associated always with Vienna
- |
| Mozart's music | -Ludwig Kocel ("K" number)
-chamber music
-piano music
-symphonies...
-concertos |
| Franz Joseph Haydn | -Austrian composer
-choirboy at St.Cathedral in Vienna
-ten year 'free-lance"
-long time employee of the Esterhasy family
-two successful trips to England late in life |
| Classical Concerto | -three movement |
| Classical Symphony | -developed to large extent by Haydn
-for the classical Orchestra
-special effects early: rocket-a rhythmically, acceding melodic line
-four movements |
| Chamber Music | -string quartet |
| Piano Concerto in G Major | -K.453
-written for Barbara von Ployer |
| K.453 Mvt 1 | -form:
-exposition(s)
-development
-recapitulate with cadenza
-coda |
| II. Second Mvt | -tempo: slow
-Mood: "lyrical"
-Harmony
-Ternary form |
| String Quartet, Op.76, No.3 | -op.(abbreviation for opus)
-composer: Hayden
-AKA: "The Emperor Quartet"
-tempo: "rather slowly, in a singing style"
-form: theme and variation |
