| Question | Answer |
| Epidemiology | study of disease |
| Epidemiologists | study the factors that determine the frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases in human populations and they also develop ways to prevent, control, or eradicate diseases in populations. |
| communicable disease | an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another |
| contagious disease | communicable disease that is easily transmitted from person-to-person |
| Zoonotic diseases | diseases that humans acquire from animal source |
| incidence rate | particular disease is the number of new cases of that disease in a defined population over a specific time period compared with healthy population |
| morbidity rate | number of new cases of a particular disease that occurred during a specified time period per a specifically defined population |
| Period prevalence | number of cases of a disease existing in a given population during a specific time period |
| Point Prevalence | number of cases of a disease existing in a given population at a particular moment in time |
| Mortality rate | ratio of the number of people who died of a particular disease during a specified time period per a specified population |
| sporadic disease | one that occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic area; |
| endemic disease | one that is always present over time within the population of a particular geographic area |
| epidemic disease | defined as a greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a particular region, usually within a short period of time; |
| pandemic | disease that is occurring in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously |
| What does the infectious disease occurs depend on? | -Factors pertaining to the pathogen
-Factors pertaining to the host
-Factors pertaining to the environment |
| What are the 6 component in the infectious disease process? | 1.pathogen
2.source of the pathogen
3.portal of exit
4.mode of transmission
5.portal of entry
6.susceptible host |
| reservoirs of infection or reservoirs | The sources of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases are many and varied |
| What are some examples of living reservoirs? | humans,pets, farm animals, insects, and arachnids. |
| Passive carriers | carry a pathogen without ever having a disease |
| Incubatory carriers | transmits a pathogen during the incubation period |
| Convalescent carriers | transmit a pathogen while recovering from an infectious disease |
| Active carriers | completely recovered but continue to harbor pathogen indefinitely transmits pathogen through vehicles either |
| zoonotic diseases or zoonoses | Infectious diseases that humans acquire from animal sources |
| Arthropods | Animals that transmits a pathogen from one host to another |
| Fomites | inanimate objects capable of transmitting pathogens |
| What are examples of the most common modes of transmission of infectious diseases?
(part 1) | -Direct skin-to-skin contact
-Direct mucous membrane-to-mucous membrane contact by kissing or sexual intercourse
-Indirect contact via airborne droplets of respiratory secretions, usually produced by sneezing or coughing – most commonly used by pathogen |
| What are examples of the most common modes of transmission of infectious diseases?
(part 2) | -Indirect contact via food and water contaminated by fecal matter
-Indirect contact via arthropod vectors
-Indirect contact via fomites |
| What are examples of the most common modes of transmission of infectious diseases?
(part 3) | -Indirect contact via transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products or by parenteral injection using nonsterile syringes or needles |
| Perinatal Transmission/Vertical Transmission | also known as mother-to-child transmission: mother transmits disease to fetus or child |
| What is WHO and what is there mission? | World Health Organization and Missions: to promote technical cooperation for health among nations; to carry out programs to control and eradicate diseases; to improve the quality of human life. |
| What is CDC and what is there mission? | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Mission: “to collaborate to create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health |
