Question/Drug | Answer/Class |
Skin Viral infections treated with what? | acyclovir (Zovirax) |
Skin Parasites treated with what? | scabicides |
Lice is treated with what? | pediculicides |
What is the DOC for lice & scabies? | permethrin (Nix) |
What treatment do you leave on for 8-14 hrs & 8-12 hrs? | Elimite lotion & lindane (Kwell) body lotion |
What treatment do you leave on for 10 mins then rinse? | lindane (Kwell) shampoo |
What scabicide/pediculocide serious side effect is CNS? | lindane (Kwell) |
How often should you apply lice medications? | reapply in 24 hrs if live lice & 7 days |
What is used to treat minor skin pain? | topical anesthetics like benzocaine (Solarcaine) |
What drug has the adverse effect of methemaglobin if inhaled? | Benzocaine (Solarcaine) |
What topical anesthetic should you verify the preperation & dose before administration? | lidocaine (Xylocaine) |
What herbal is used to sooth mild skin irritation? | Aloe Vera |
What medications action includes ketolytic effect, decreases sebum production, & bacteriostatic? | benzoyl peroxide |
What drugs action is to slow or decrease skin replacement and sebum production by decreasing number of size of glands? | isotretinoin (Accutane) |
What drug is pregnancy category C? | trentinoin (Retin A) |
What drug is used for cystic acne & severe keratinization disorders? | isotretinoin (Accutane) |
How long can a patient be on isotretinoin (Accutane) | 3 months & may need repeat therapy |
What acne drug can cause liver damage? | isotretinoin (Accutane) |
What drug is pregnancy category X? | isotretinoin (Accutane) |
What herbal is used to detoxfy skin, fights bacteria, decreases inflammation, & also works as a laxative, diuretic, anti-infective? | Burdock Root |
What drug classes are used to treat dermatitis? | glucocorticoids or antihistamines & analgesics |
What herbal slows or decreases cell growth? | coal tar preps |
What topical classes are used to treat psoriasis? | corticosteroids, immunomodulators, & coal tar prep |
What systemic drugs are used to treat psoriasis? | methotrexate, cyclosporin (Sandimmune), & others (Ramicade, Humara) |
cin/mycin drugs | antibiotics |
undecylenic acid (Cruex, Desenex) | antifungals |
permethrin (Nix) | scabicides/pediculicides |
Elimite | scabicides/pediculicides |
prethrin (Rid) | scabicides/pediculicides |
malathion (Ovide) | scabicides/pediculicides |
lindane (Kwell) | scabicides/pediculicides |
caine | topical anesthetics |
benzoyl peroxide | acne & related disorders |
tretinoin (Retin A) | acne & related disorders |
isotretinoin (Accutane) | acne & related disorders |
What drug(s) has adverse effects: minor itching, stinging, irritation? | permethrin (Nix), pyrethrin (Rid), & malathion (Ovide) |
What drug(s) has adverse effects: local irritation on ingestion/inhaled, HA, N/V, & CNS: dizzy, tremors, convulsions, restless? | lindane (Kwell) |
What drug(s) has adverse effects: burning, redness, irritation? | benzoyl peroxide |
What drug(s) has adverse effects: dry mouth & nose, inflammation of the lips, bone & joint pain, & liver damage? | isotretinoin (Accutane) |
diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl) | 1st generation antihistamines & antitussive, marked sedation |
What drugs major side effect is marked sedation & drowsiness? | diphenhydramin HCL (Benadryl) |
Classification whose side effects include: dizziness, fatigue, N/V, urinary retention, decreased coordination, drowsiness, and paradoxical nervous system excitability | 1st generation antihistamines |
3 Actions of H1 Receptor Antagonist | 1. vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa
2. decrease in nasal itch
3. anticholinergic proprieties decrease secretions |
Characteristics of this disorder includes sneezing, watery eyes, & nasal congestion | Allergic Rhinitis |
Which 1st generation antihistamine has the least amount of sedation out of all? | brompheniramine (Dimetapp) |
How often are 1st generation antihistamines given? | Q4-6hrs |
What nursing precaution for 1st generation antihistamines should the nurse make sure to teach | report fever, eye pain, or blurred vision which can be acute glaucoma |
cetirizine (Zyrtec) | 2nd generation antihistamines |
How often are 2nd generation antihistamines given? | once daily |
Which classification has the following side effects: N/V, stomach upset, fatigue, H/A, little drowsy | 2nd generation antihistamines |
The following action is what classification: blocks the effects of histamine to decrease the allergic responses | 2nd generation antihistamines |
2nd generation antihistamines work best if used when? | 1 week prior to exposure to allergen |
What are the intranasal glucocorticoid? | fluticasone propionate (Flonase)
mometasone furoate (Nasonex)
triamcinolone acetonide (Nasocort AQ)
*sone |
intransal cromolyn (Nasalcrom) | mast-cell stabilizers |
The following action belongs to which classification: inhibits release of histamines from mast-cells | mast-cell stabilizers |
Which classification has the following action: stimulates the alpha-adrenergic receptors, vasoconstrction, decreasing secreations, sympathomimetic | decongestants |
Which classification has the following side effects: tremors, anxiety, tachycardia, HTN, arrhythmias, dryness & irritation of mucous membranes, increased blood glucose levels, possible rebound nasal congestion | decongestants |
What classification is used with caution in patients who have cardiac disease, diabetes, HTN, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, | decongestants |
St. John's Wort should be with cuation with what drug? | decongestants |
Rebound nasal congestions usually occurs after how many days of decongestant use? | 5 or more days |
oxymetazoline (Afrin) | decongestants |
What is the prototypical drug for decongestants? | oxymetazoline (Afrin) |
Which decongestant lasts 12 hrs? | oxymetazoline (Afrin) |
Which decongestant is given q4-6hrs? | phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine, Afrin) |
Which decongestant can cause hemorrhagic strokes? | phenylpropanalomine* |
Which decongestant the only one that is a anticholinergic? | ipratropioum (Atrovent) |
What drug class acts on the medulla to suppress the cough reflex in colds or allergies? | antitussive drugs |
dextromethorphan (Benylin, Delsym) | antitussive |
codiene and hydrocodone (Hycodan) | antitussive |
benzonatate (Tessalon) | antitussive, can cause drowsiness and dry mouth |
Chloropheniramine maleate (Chlor-Trimeton) | 1st generation antihistamines |
bromphenitramine (Dimetapp) | 1st generation antihistamines |
Which drug is the source of really bad taste in cold medications? | dextromethorphan |
Which drug has the following side effects: N/V, blurred vision, dizziness, sedation | dextromethorphan (Benylin) |
When should a pt on antitussive report? | with cough, infection, &/or fever lasting greater than 1 week |
What classification has the following action: breaks up & thins mucus to easy cough | expectorants (mucolytic) |
guaifenesin (Resyl, Robitussin, Mucinex) | expectorants |
acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) | expectorants, s/e- stomatitis, bronchospasm |
Which expectorant can be used to aid in diagnosing? | acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
Which drug is also the antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) OD? | acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
What classification has the following side effects: fever, n/v, nose/throat irriation or congestion, stomatitis, bronchospasm | Expectorant specifically acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
Which classification smells like rotten eggs? | expectorants |
Which herbal helps stimulate secreations (expectorant) & is used for respiratory problems? | horehound |
moves air in & out | ventilation |
gas exchange in alveoli | repiration |
where gases are exchanged | perfusion |
What route is most common route for pulmonary drugs because of local effect, good blood flow, right to location, & rapid response? | inhalation |
vaporize drug to a mist & is often used with a machine & face mask | nebulizer |
round disk,more than 1 puff, 1-2 min apart | dry powdered inhaler, |
canister, exhale fully then inhale | metered dose inhaler, |
How much time in between 2 inhalation drugs? | 5 mins |
How much time in between puffs of same drug? | 1-2 mins |
Smoke, exercise, URI, seasonale allergies, foods, emotional stress, & animals are all what? | triggers to asthma |
Which respiratory drug class is the big bad boys? | Xanthine derivities |
alpha | blood vessels |
beta 1 | heart |
beta 2 | lungs |
epinephrine (AsthmaHaler, Adrenalin) | non-selective adrenergic agonsit, inhaled and SQ...monitor for paradoxical bronchospasm (esp in resp. patients) |
isoproterenol (Medihaler, Isuprel) | non-selesctive beta adrenergic agonist |
salmeterol (Serevent) | beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) | beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
metaproterenol (Alupent, Metaprel) | beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
terbutaline (Brethaire) | beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
pirbuterol acetate (Maxair) | beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
ipratropium bromide (Atrovent, Combivent) | anticholinergics |
tiotropium (Spiriva) | anticholinergics |
aminophylline (Tryphylline, Somophylline) | xanthine derivities |
theophylline (Theo-dur) | xanthine derivities |
caffeine | xanthine derivities |
cromolyn (Intal) | mast cell stabilizers, onset of 4 wks for full effect, must be tapered off |
nedocromil (Tilade) | mast cell stabilizers |
beclomethasone (Beclovent, Vanceril) | corticosteroids, hyperglycemia, poor wound healing, take oral forms with food, must be tapered off slowly, rinse mouth and wash mouthpiece after use |
triamcinolone (Azmacort) | corticosteroids |
Which drug inhibits histamine induced constriction of the airways & helps with bronchospasms & decreasing airway constriction by stimulating beta 2? | epinephrine (Adrenalin) |
What drug increases strength of heart contraction, relaxes bronchospasm, & bronchodilation? | isuprotenenol (Isuprel) |
Which drug causes saliva & sputum to turn pink? | isuprotenenol (Isuprel) |
Which drug relaxes bronchial smooth muscle & is short acting aka rescuer inhaler? | albuterol (Proventin, Ventolin) |
Which drug is used to help treat acute asthma attacks but also to stop premature labor? | terbutalin (Brethin, Brethaire) |
Which beta 2 receptor agent is actually a preventative and long acting drug unlike all the others? not used during acute attacks. | salmeterol (Servent) |
Oral beta 2 agonists are to do what? | maintenance therapies & has more systemic effect |
Beta 2 agonists are contraindicated with what? | tachydysrhythmias or tachycardia with Dig Toxicity |
What should a patient on beta 2 agonists report? | chest pain & changes in heart rate & rhythm |
Tremors is a side effect of what drug classification that can be toxic sign? | beta 2 recentor agents |
Which classification dilates bronchials & has few systemic effects? | Anticholinergic |
Which classification relaxes bronchial smooth muscles, stimulates cardiac muscle & stimulates CNS, & produces diuresis? | xanthine or methyxanthines |
Which drug class do you not change formulations? | xanthine or methyxanthines |
What is the therapeutic dose range for xanthine or methyxanthines drug therapy? | 10-20 |
What is considered toxic level for xanthine or methyxanthines? | >20 |
Hypotension, tremors, jitteryness, ventricular dysrhythmias, & A/N/V/D are what? | toxicity side effects of xanthine or methyxanthines |
Which respirtory drug do you limit caffeine intake? | xanthine or methyxanthines |
What drug increases the risk for Dig Toxicity? | Theophylline |
phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin), rifampin, litiu, corticosteroids, & smoking do what? | reduce theophyllin levels causing a need to increase dose |
cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), allopurinol (Zyloprim), erythromycin, calcium blockers, beta blockers, oral contraceptives, Fluoroquinolone antibiotics do what? | increase theophyllin levels causing a need to decrease dose |
Which drug class is it very important to stop smoking? | xanthine or methyxanthines |
If your patient calls the office & states that he forgot to take his theophylline earlier & its almost time for his next dose what do you tell him? | skip the dose because you do not want to double up doses |
What drug needs to be given slowly with an IV infusion pump? | xanthine or methyxanthines |
Which drug class action is to be synergistic with beta 2 agonists like Albuterol to decrease inflammatory response? | glucocorticoids |
Which class has side effects including: hyperglycemia, poor wound healing, fat shifts, & dysphonia? | glucocorticoids |
Which 2 classifications need to be tapered slowly for respiratory? | glucocorticoids & mast cell stabilizers |
What important nursing intervention would you inform the patient to perform after use of an inhaler? | rinse mouth & mouthpiece after each use |
How long is the onset for mast cell stabilizers? | 4 weeks |
Which classification has the following action: inhibits histamines from being released | mast cell stabilizers |
Which respiratory drug is known for its really bad taste? | mast cell stabilizers |
zafirlukast (Accolate) | leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) |
montelukast (Singulair) | leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) |
zileuton (Zyflo) | leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) |
Which classification blocks leukotrine receptors & amino acid "cystine"? | leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) |
Which leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) is given every 12 hrs? | zafirlukast (Accolate) |
Which leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) is given 1-2x's per day? | montelukast (Singulair) |
Which leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) is given every 6 hrs? | zileuton (Zyflo) |
Which leukotrine receptor antagonist acts more rapid than the others? | zileuton (Zyflo) |
Which 2 leukotrine receptor antagonists takes 1 week for therapeutic effect to occurs? | zafirlukast (accolate) & montelukast (singulair) |
somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope) | drugs for anterior pituitary drugs |
octreotide acetate (Sandostatin) | drugs for anterior pituitary drugs |
bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) | drugs for anterior pituitary drugs |
What drug is given for long-term replacement of GH? | somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope) |
What durg causes side effects of musculoskeletal pain, myalgia, & hypercalciuria? | somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope) |
What drug is a GH inhibitor used in the treatment of acromegaly & giantism & severe diarrhea in AIDS? | octreotide acetate (Sandostatin) |
Which anterior pituitary drug has the side effect of GI bleeds? | octreotide acetate (Sandostatin) |
What drug is also a Parkison drug that increases dopamin levels which increases somatostatin thereby decreasing GH release? | bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) |
vasopressin (Pitressin) | drugs for posterior pituitary drugs, causes vasoconstriction, treats symptoms of diabetes insipidus |
lypressin (Diapid) | drugs for posterior pituitary drugs |
desmopressin (DDAVP, Stimate) | drugs for posterior pituitary drugs |
terlipressin (Glypressin) | drugs for posterior pituitary drugs |
oxytocin (Pitocin) | drugs for posterior pituitary drugs |
What drug class increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidneys, increases GI motility, & causes vasoconstriction? | posterior pituitary hormones |
Which posterior pituitary hormone is used most often to treat the esophageal varices? | terlipressin (Glypressin) |
What drug do you shake well, warm injectable to body temperauter? | vasopressin (Pitressin) |
Which posterior pituitary drug also causes uterine contractions, assists in the involution of the uterus, & stimulates lactation? | oxytocin (Pitocin) |
Which thyroid hormone precursor to the other? | T4 is precursor to T3 |
levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) | hypothyroid drugs |
desiccated thyroid (Armour Thyroid) | hypothyroid drugs |
liothyronine sodium (Cytomel, Triostat) | hypothyroid drugs |
liotrix (Euthroid, Thyrolar) | hypothyroid drugs |
propylthiouracil (PTU) | hyperthyroid drugs, administer around the clock |
methimazole (Tapazole) | hyperthyroid drugs |
iodine-131 | hyperthyroid drugs, be careful up until 3 days after tx of saliva and urine b/c radiation. double flush toilet and cover it up |
Lugol Solution | hyperthyroid drugs |
SSKI | hyperthyroid drugs |
iodine preperation | hyperthyroid drugs |
When is levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) given? | 1 daily dose in the AM |
How long do you need to be on thyroid medications if you are hypothyroidism? | lifetime |
Which endocrine drug do you not change brands? | levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) |
What important assessment should be preformed before administering levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) | pulse rate...>100 is bad |
What classification acts by increasing metabolic rate & is synthetic form of T4? | hypothyroidism drugs |
Which classification acts by decreasing thyroid hormone production & prepare for surgery? | hyperthyroidism drugs |
Which hyperthyroidism drug has more problems with blood dyscrasias than the others? | methimazole (Tapazole) |
When is hyperthyroidism drugs given? | around the clock & possibly with meals to decrease GI distress |
What 2 things must you use radiation precautions with following I-131 administration? | saliva & urine |
Which hyperthyroidism durg shuts down thyroid production? | iodine preperations |
What must you remember when administering iodine? | like iron it stains the teeth |
Which classification effects aldosterone, fluid & electrolyte balance, & BP? | mineralcorticoids |
Which classification affect carb, protein, & fat metabolism, antiinflammatory affects, inhibits immune system, maintains normal BP, & has effects with stress? | glucocorticoids |
Which class is a synthetic hormone replacement that is translated in the boyd to predisione? | glucocorticoids |
What class must have a dose increase during stress? | glucocorticoids |
What 2 things do you need to make sure you perform radiation precautions for after administration of I-131? | saliva & urine |
What precautions should you take with a patient who has just received I-131? | radiation precautions like double flushing & covering toilet prior to flush |
Which drug stains the teeth like iron? | Iodine preperations |
Which steroid's action is to maintain fluid & electrolyte balance, BP, & aldosterone? | mineralcorticoids |
Which steroid's action affect carb, protein, and fat metabolism along with antiinflammatory affects, inhibits the immune system, maintains normal BP, and is effected by stress? | glucocorticoids |
Which glucocorticoid is more potent? | prednisone (Deltasone) |
What classification has the action of synthetic hormone replacement that translated in the body as predisione? | glucocorticoids |
Which drug should you inform the patient that the side effects of fat store shifting, muscle wasting, delayed wound healing, atrophy, hiritism, edema, and more will go away over a short period of time after completion of this medication? | glucocorticoids |
When are steroids given? | single dose in AM
double dose 2/3 in AM & 1/3 early evening |
Which drug classification is it important to monitor blood glucose because it increases it? | glucocorticoids |
Which drug classification is it important to weigh daily? | glucocorticoids |
Which drug classification is it important to avoid aspirin & OTC drugs? | glucocorticoids |
Why do you not stop steroids abruptly? | because the adrenal glands can be at the beach leading to a crisis |
Which classification decreases redness, swelling, & itching for eyes, ears, & skin? | Topical glucocorticoids |
fexofenadine (Allegra) | 2nd generation antihistamines |
loratadine (Claritin) | 2nd generation antihistamines |
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrin, Afrin) | decongestants |
ipratropium (Atrovent) | decongestants |
pseudoephedrine (Chloritemeton, Drixora, Sudafed, ACtifed, Pediacare) | decongestants |
ephedrine | decongestants |
phenylpropanalomine | decongestants |
isoniazid (INH) | anti tubercular drug, cidal/static, causes hepatotxicity, admin with meals or antacids, take all TB drugs at same time of day |
Pyridoxine (Vit B6) | for antiTB, avoid foods with tyramine, avoid aluminum antacids b/c decreases absorption |
rifampin (Rifandin) | antiTB, bacteriocidal, slow onset, causes hepatotoxicity, reddish/brown to all secretions, report A/N, jaundice or pale stools |
ethambutol (Myambutol) | antiTB, s/e- optic neuritis, color discimination probs, CI in kifs <7 |
paraminosalicylic (PAS) | alternative for kids |
pyrazinamide (PZA) | tx TB, s/e- photosensitivity, arthritis |
streptomycin | only TB drug that does not effect liver |
Goldseal | herbal, for eczema, UTI, gastritis, colitis, and mucosal inflammation |
permethrin (NIX) | DOC for lice and scabies |
Elimite | tx mites, lotion, apply and leave on for 8-14 hrs |
shampoo for lice | 10 minutes then rinse...causes lice to have seizures/death of parasites |
Benzocaine (Solarcaine) | topical anesthetic, for temp relief of minor skin pain, A/E- methemaglobin (unable to release oxygen to tissues) in inhaled |
lidocaine (Xylocaine) | for V arrytmias, check prep and dose |
aloe vera | herbal to smooth skin from mild irritants |
trentinoin (retin A) | mild/moderate acne, pg cat C, tx wrinkles |
isotretinoin (Accutane) | for cystic acne and keritanization disorders, slows down skin replacement, causes liver damage and is Preg category X! |
burdock root | herbal for skin detoxification and many other uses, increased effect with licorice |
psoriasis | may require more than one agent to obtain relief |
first generation antihistamines | cause urinary retention, drowsiness, need to report blurred vision (could be acute glaucoma) |
second generation antihistamines | less drowsy than first gen, lesser anticholinergic, works best before exposed to allergenic |
intranasal glucocorticoids | avoid swallowing, can have systemic effects |
decongestants (sympathomimetics) | rebound nasal congestion if taken for >5 days, caution in cardiac, diabetic, HTN, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma |
respiration | gas exchange in alveoli: 2 types- tissue and lungs |
ventilation | moves air in and out |
perfusion | where gases are exchanged |
adrenergic agonists (sympathomimetics) | DOC for acute bronchoconstriction |
dexamethasone (decadron) | corticosteroid, increases surfactant for fetus |
hypothyroidism (myxedema) | t4 is precursor to t3...both require low levels of iodine |
addison's disease | |