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MC Pharm 2 Exam 2
with Fabick
| Question/Drug | Answer/Class |
|---|---|
| Skin Viral infections treated with what? | acyclovir (Zovirax) |
| Skin Parasites treated with what? | scabicides |
| Lice is treated with what? | pediculicides |
| What is the DOC for lice & scabies? | permethrin (Nix) |
| What treatment do you leave on for 8-14 hrs & 8-12 hrs? | Elimite lotion & lindane (Kwell) body lotion |
| What treatment do you leave on for 10 mins then rinse? | lindane (Kwell) shampoo |
| What scabicide/pediculocide serious side effect is CNS? | lindane (Kwell) |
| How often should you apply lice medications? | reapply in 24 hrs if live lice & 7 days |
| What is used to treat minor skin pain? | topical anesthetics like benzocaine (Solarcaine) |
| What drug has the adverse effect of methemaglobin if inhaled? | Benzocaine (Solarcaine) |
| What topical anesthetic should you verify the preperation & dose before administration? | lidocaine (Xylocaine) |
| What herbal is used to sooth mild skin irritation? | Aloe Vera |
| What medications action includes ketolytic effect, decreases sebum production, & bacteriostatic? | benzoyl peroxide |
| What drugs action is to slow or decrease skin replacement and sebum production by decreasing number of size of glands? | isotretinoin (Accutane) |
| What drug is pregnancy category C? | trentinoin (Retin A) |
| What drug is used for cystic acne & severe keratinization disorders? | isotretinoin (Accutane) |
| How long can a patient be on isotretinoin (Accutane) | 3 months & may need repeat therapy |
| What acne drug can cause liver damage? | isotretinoin (Accutane) |
| What drug is pregnancy category X? | isotretinoin (Accutane) |
| What herbal is used to detoxfy skin, fights bacteria, decreases inflammation, & also works as a laxative, diuretic, anti-infective? | Burdock Root |
| What drug classes are used to treat dermatitis? | glucocorticoids or antihistamines & analgesics |
| What herbal slows or decreases cell growth? | coal tar preps |
| What topical classes are used to treat psoriasis? | corticosteroids, immunomodulators, & coal tar prep |
| What systemic drugs are used to treat psoriasis? | methotrexate, cyclosporin (Sandimmune), & others (Ramicade, Humara) |
| cin/mycin drugs | antibiotics |
| undecylenic acid (Cruex, Desenex) | antifungals |
| permethrin (Nix) | scabicides/pediculicides |
| Elimite | scabicides/pediculicides |
| prethrin (Rid) | scabicides/pediculicides |
| malathion (Ovide) | scabicides/pediculicides |
| lindane (Kwell) | scabicides/pediculicides |
| caine | topical anesthetics |
| benzoyl peroxide | acne & related disorders |
| tretinoin (Retin A) | acne & related disorders |
| isotretinoin (Accutane) | acne & related disorders |
| What drug(s) has adverse effects: minor itching, stinging, irritation? | permethrin (Nix), pyrethrin (Rid), & malathion (Ovide) |
| What drug(s) has adverse effects: local irritation on ingestion/inhaled, HA, N/V, & CNS: dizzy, tremors, convulsions, restless? | lindane (Kwell) |
| What drug(s) has adverse effects: burning, redness, irritation? | benzoyl peroxide |
| What drug(s) has adverse effects: dry mouth & nose, inflammation of the lips, bone & joint pain, & liver damage? | isotretinoin (Accutane) |
| diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl) | 1st generation antihistamines & antitussive, marked sedation |
| What drugs major side effect is marked sedation & drowsiness? | diphenhydramin HCL (Benadryl) |
| Classification whose side effects include: dizziness, fatigue, N/V, urinary retention, decreased coordination, drowsiness, and paradoxical nervous system excitability | 1st generation antihistamines |
| 3 Actions of H1 Receptor Antagonist | 1. vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa 2. decrease in nasal itch 3. anticholinergic proprieties decrease secretions |
| Characteristics of this disorder includes sneezing, watery eyes, & nasal congestion | Allergic Rhinitis |
| Which 1st generation antihistamine has the least amount of sedation out of all? | brompheniramine (Dimetapp) |
| How often are 1st generation antihistamines given? | Q4-6hrs |
| What nursing precaution for 1st generation antihistamines should the nurse make sure to teach | report fever, eye pain, or blurred vision which can be acute glaucoma |
| cetirizine (Zyrtec) | 2nd generation antihistamines |
| How often are 2nd generation antihistamines given? | once daily |
| Which classification has the following side effects: N/V, stomach upset, fatigue, H/A, little drowsy | 2nd generation antihistamines |
| The following action is what classification: blocks the effects of histamine to decrease the allergic responses | 2nd generation antihistamines |
| 2nd generation antihistamines work best if used when? | 1 week prior to exposure to allergen |
| What are the intranasal glucocorticoid? | fluticasone propionate (Flonase) mometasone furoate (Nasonex) triamcinolone acetonide (Nasocort AQ) *sone |
| intransal cromolyn (Nasalcrom) | mast-cell stabilizers |
| The following action belongs to which classification: inhibits release of histamines from mast-cells | mast-cell stabilizers |
| Which classification has the following action: stimulates the alpha-adrenergic receptors, vasoconstrction, decreasing secreations, sympathomimetic | decongestants |
| Which classification has the following side effects: tremors, anxiety, tachycardia, HTN, arrhythmias, dryness & irritation of mucous membranes, increased blood glucose levels, possible rebound nasal congestion | decongestants |
| What classification is used with caution in patients who have cardiac disease, diabetes, HTN, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, | decongestants |
| St. John's Wort should be with cuation with what drug? | decongestants |
| Rebound nasal congestions usually occurs after how many days of decongestant use? | 5 or more days |
| oxymetazoline (Afrin) | decongestants |
| What is the prototypical drug for decongestants? | oxymetazoline (Afrin) |
| Which decongestant lasts 12 hrs? | oxymetazoline (Afrin) |
| Which decongestant is given q4-6hrs? | phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine, Afrin) |
| Which decongestant can cause hemorrhagic strokes? | phenylpropanalomine* |
| Which decongestant the only one that is a anticholinergic? | ipratropioum (Atrovent) |
| What drug class acts on the medulla to suppress the cough reflex in colds or allergies? | antitussive drugs |
| dextromethorphan (Benylin, Delsym) | antitussive |
| codiene and hydrocodone (Hycodan) | antitussive |
| benzonatate (Tessalon) | antitussive, can cause drowsiness and dry mouth |
| Chloropheniramine maleate (Chlor-Trimeton) | 1st generation antihistamines |
| bromphenitramine (Dimetapp) | 1st generation antihistamines |
| Which drug is the source of really bad taste in cold medications? | dextromethorphan |
| Which drug has the following side effects: N/V, blurred vision, dizziness, sedation | dextromethorphan (Benylin) |
| When should a pt on antitussive report? | with cough, infection, &/or fever lasting greater than 1 week |
| What classification has the following action: breaks up & thins mucus to easy cough | expectorants (mucolytic) |
| guaifenesin (Resyl, Robitussin, Mucinex) | expectorants |
| acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) | expectorants, s/e- stomatitis, bronchospasm |
| Which expectorant can be used to aid in diagnosing? | acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
| Which drug is also the antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) OD? | acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
| What classification has the following side effects: fever, n/v, nose/throat irriation or congestion, stomatitis, bronchospasm | Expectorant specifically acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
| Which classification smells like rotten eggs? | expectorants |
| Which herbal helps stimulate secreations (expectorant) & is used for respiratory problems? | horehound |
| moves air in & out | ventilation |
| gas exchange in alveoli | repiration |
| where gases are exchanged | perfusion |
| What route is most common route for pulmonary drugs because of local effect, good blood flow, right to location, & rapid response? | inhalation |
| vaporize drug to a mist & is often used with a machine & face mask | nebulizer |
| round disk,more than 1 puff, 1-2 min apart | dry powdered inhaler, |
| canister, exhale fully then inhale | metered dose inhaler, |
| How much time in between 2 inhalation drugs? | 5 mins |
| How much time in between puffs of same drug? | 1-2 mins |
| Smoke, exercise, URI, seasonale allergies, foods, emotional stress, & animals are all what? | triggers to asthma |
| Which respiratory drug class is the big bad boys? | Xanthine derivities |
| alpha | blood vessels |
| beta 1 | heart |
| beta 2 | lungs |
| epinephrine (AsthmaHaler, Adrenalin) | non-selective adrenergic agonsit, inhaled and SQ...monitor for paradoxical bronchospasm (esp in resp. patients) |
| isoproterenol (Medihaler, Isuprel) | non-selesctive beta adrenergic agonist |
| salmeterol (Serevent) | beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
| albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) | beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
| metaproterenol (Alupent, Metaprel) | beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
| terbutaline (Brethaire) | beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
| pirbuterol acetate (Maxair) | beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
| ipratropium bromide (Atrovent, Combivent) | anticholinergics |
| tiotropium (Spiriva) | anticholinergics |
| aminophylline (Tryphylline, Somophylline) | xanthine derivities |
| theophylline (Theo-dur) | xanthine derivities |
| caffeine | xanthine derivities |
| cromolyn (Intal) | mast cell stabilizers, onset of 4 wks for full effect, must be tapered off |
| nedocromil (Tilade) | mast cell stabilizers |
| beclomethasone (Beclovent, Vanceril) | corticosteroids, hyperglycemia, poor wound healing, take oral forms with food, must be tapered off slowly, rinse mouth and wash mouthpiece after use |
| triamcinolone (Azmacort) | corticosteroids |
| Which drug inhibits histamine induced constriction of the airways & helps with bronchospasms & decreasing airway constriction by stimulating beta 2? | epinephrine (Adrenalin) |
| What drug increases strength of heart contraction, relaxes bronchospasm, & bronchodilation? | isuprotenenol (Isuprel) |
| Which drug causes saliva & sputum to turn pink? | isuprotenenol (Isuprel) |
| Which drug relaxes bronchial smooth muscle & is short acting aka rescuer inhaler? | albuterol (Proventin, Ventolin) |
| Which drug is used to help treat acute asthma attacks but also to stop premature labor? | terbutalin (Brethin, Brethaire) |
| Which beta 2 receptor agent is actually a preventative and long acting drug unlike all the others? not used during acute attacks. | salmeterol (Servent) |
| Oral beta 2 agonists are to do what? | maintenance therapies & has more systemic effect |
| Beta 2 agonists are contraindicated with what? | tachydysrhythmias or tachycardia with Dig Toxicity |
| What should a patient on beta 2 agonists report? | chest pain & changes in heart rate & rhythm |
| Tremors is a side effect of what drug classification that can be toxic sign? | beta 2 recentor agents |
| Which classification dilates bronchials & has few systemic effects? | Anticholinergic |
| Which classification relaxes bronchial smooth muscles, stimulates cardiac muscle & stimulates CNS, & produces diuresis? | xanthine or methyxanthines |
| Which drug class do you not change formulations? | xanthine or methyxanthines |
| What is the therapeutic dose range for xanthine or methyxanthines drug therapy? | 10-20 |
| What is considered toxic level for xanthine or methyxanthines? | >20 |
| Hypotension, tremors, jitteryness, ventricular dysrhythmias, & A/N/V/D are what? | toxicity side effects of xanthine or methyxanthines |
| Which respirtory drug do you limit caffeine intake? | xanthine or methyxanthines |
| What drug increases the risk for Dig Toxicity? | Theophylline |
| phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin), rifampin, litiu, corticosteroids, & smoking do what? | reduce theophyllin levels causing a need to increase dose |
| cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), allopurinol (Zyloprim), erythromycin, calcium blockers, beta blockers, oral contraceptives, Fluoroquinolone antibiotics do what? | increase theophyllin levels causing a need to decrease dose |
| Which drug class is it very important to stop smoking? | xanthine or methyxanthines |
| If your patient calls the office & states that he forgot to take his theophylline earlier & its almost time for his next dose what do you tell him? | skip the dose because you do not want to double up doses |
| What drug needs to be given slowly with an IV infusion pump? | xanthine or methyxanthines |
| Which drug class action is to be synergistic with beta 2 agonists like Albuterol to decrease inflammatory response? | glucocorticoids |
| Which class has side effects including: hyperglycemia, poor wound healing, fat shifts, & dysphonia? | glucocorticoids |
| Which 2 classifications need to be tapered slowly for respiratory? | glucocorticoids & mast cell stabilizers |
| What important nursing intervention would you inform the patient to perform after use of an inhaler? | rinse mouth & mouthpiece after each use |
| How long is the onset for mast cell stabilizers? | 4 weeks |
| Which classification has the following action: inhibits histamines from being released | mast cell stabilizers |
| Which respiratory drug is known for its really bad taste? | mast cell stabilizers |
| zafirlukast (Accolate) | leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) |
| montelukast (Singulair) | leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) |
| zileuton (Zyflo) | leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) |
| Which classification blocks leukotrine receptors & amino acid "cystine"? | leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) |
| Which leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) is given every 12 hrs? | zafirlukast (Accolate) |
| Which leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) is given 1-2x's per day? | montelukast (Singulair) |
| Which leukotrine receptor antagonists (modifiers) is given every 6 hrs? | zileuton (Zyflo) |
| Which leukotrine receptor antagonist acts more rapid than the others? | zileuton (Zyflo) |
| Which 2 leukotrine receptor antagonists takes 1 week for therapeutic effect to occurs? | zafirlukast (accolate) & montelukast (singulair) |
| somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope) | drugs for anterior pituitary drugs |
| octreotide acetate (Sandostatin) | drugs for anterior pituitary drugs |
| bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) | drugs for anterior pituitary drugs |
| What drug is given for long-term replacement of GH? | somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope) |
| What durg causes side effects of musculoskeletal pain, myalgia, & hypercalciuria? | somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope) |
| What drug is a GH inhibitor used in the treatment of acromegaly & giantism & severe diarrhea in AIDS? | octreotide acetate (Sandostatin) |
| Which anterior pituitary drug has the side effect of GI bleeds? | octreotide acetate (Sandostatin) |
| What drug is also a Parkison drug that increases dopamin levels which increases somatostatin thereby decreasing GH release? | bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) |
| vasopressin (Pitressin) | drugs for posterior pituitary drugs, causes vasoconstriction, treats symptoms of diabetes insipidus |
| lypressin (Diapid) | drugs for posterior pituitary drugs |
| desmopressin (DDAVP, Stimate) | drugs for posterior pituitary drugs |
| terlipressin (Glypressin) | drugs for posterior pituitary drugs |
| oxytocin (Pitocin) | drugs for posterior pituitary drugs |
| What drug class increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidneys, increases GI motility, & causes vasoconstriction? | posterior pituitary hormones |
| Which posterior pituitary hormone is used most often to treat the esophageal varices? | terlipressin (Glypressin) |
| What drug do you shake well, warm injectable to body temperauter? | vasopressin (Pitressin) |
| Which posterior pituitary drug also causes uterine contractions, assists in the involution of the uterus, & stimulates lactation? | oxytocin (Pitocin) |
| Which thyroid hormone precursor to the other? | T4 is precursor to T3 |
| levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) | hypothyroid drugs |
| desiccated thyroid (Armour Thyroid) | hypothyroid drugs |
| liothyronine sodium (Cytomel, Triostat) | hypothyroid drugs |
| liotrix (Euthroid, Thyrolar) | hypothyroid drugs |
| propylthiouracil (PTU) | hyperthyroid drugs, administer around the clock |
| methimazole (Tapazole) | hyperthyroid drugs |
| iodine-131 | hyperthyroid drugs, be careful up until 3 days after tx of saliva and urine b/c radiation. double flush toilet and cover it up |
| Lugol Solution | hyperthyroid drugs |
| SSKI | hyperthyroid drugs |
| iodine preperation | hyperthyroid drugs |
| When is levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) given? | 1 daily dose in the AM |
| How long do you need to be on thyroid medications if you are hypothyroidism? | lifetime |
| Which endocrine drug do you not change brands? | levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) |
| What important assessment should be preformed before administering levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) | pulse rate...>100 is bad |
| What classification acts by increasing metabolic rate & is synthetic form of T4? | hypothyroidism drugs |
| Which classification acts by decreasing thyroid hormone production & prepare for surgery? | hyperthyroidism drugs |
| Which hyperthyroidism drug has more problems with blood dyscrasias than the others? | methimazole (Tapazole) |
| When is hyperthyroidism drugs given? | around the clock & possibly with meals to decrease GI distress |
| What 2 things must you use radiation precautions with following I-131 administration? | saliva & urine |
| Which hyperthyroidism durg shuts down thyroid production? | iodine preperations |
| What must you remember when administering iodine? | like iron it stains the teeth |
| Which classification effects aldosterone, fluid & electrolyte balance, & BP? | mineralcorticoids |
| Which classification affect carb, protein, & fat metabolism, antiinflammatory affects, inhibits immune system, maintains normal BP, & has effects with stress? | glucocorticoids |
| Which class is a synthetic hormone replacement that is translated in the boyd to predisione? | glucocorticoids |
| What class must have a dose increase during stress? | glucocorticoids |
| What 2 things do you need to make sure you perform radiation precautions for after administration of I-131? | saliva & urine |
| What precautions should you take with a patient who has just received I-131? | radiation precautions like double flushing & covering toilet prior to flush |
| Which drug stains the teeth like iron? | Iodine preperations |
| Which steroid's action is to maintain fluid & electrolyte balance, BP, & aldosterone? | mineralcorticoids |
| Which steroid's action affect carb, protein, and fat metabolism along with antiinflammatory affects, inhibits the immune system, maintains normal BP, and is effected by stress? | glucocorticoids |
| Which glucocorticoid is more potent? | prednisone (Deltasone) |
| What classification has the action of synthetic hormone replacement that translated in the body as predisione? | glucocorticoids |
| Which drug should you inform the patient that the side effects of fat store shifting, muscle wasting, delayed wound healing, atrophy, hiritism, edema, and more will go away over a short period of time after completion of this medication? | glucocorticoids |
| When are steroids given? | single dose in AM double dose 2/3 in AM & 1/3 early evening |
| Which drug classification is it important to monitor blood glucose because it increases it? | glucocorticoids |
| Which drug classification is it important to weigh daily? | glucocorticoids |
| Which drug classification is it important to avoid aspirin & OTC drugs? | glucocorticoids |
| Why do you not stop steroids abruptly? | because the adrenal glands can be at the beach leading to a crisis |
| Which classification decreases redness, swelling, & itching for eyes, ears, & skin? | Topical glucocorticoids |
| fexofenadine (Allegra) | 2nd generation antihistamines |
| loratadine (Claritin) | 2nd generation antihistamines |
| phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrin, Afrin) | decongestants |
| ipratropium (Atrovent) | decongestants |
| pseudoephedrine (Chloritemeton, Drixora, Sudafed, ACtifed, Pediacare) | decongestants |
| ephedrine | decongestants |
| phenylpropanalomine | decongestants |
| isoniazid (INH) | anti tubercular drug, cidal/static, causes hepatotxicity, admin with meals or antacids, take all TB drugs at same time of day |
| Pyridoxine (Vit B6) | for antiTB, avoid foods with tyramine, avoid aluminum antacids b/c decreases absorption |
| rifampin (Rifandin) | antiTB, bacteriocidal, slow onset, causes hepatotoxicity, reddish/brown to all secretions, report A/N, jaundice or pale stools |
| ethambutol (Myambutol) | antiTB, s/e- optic neuritis, color discimination probs, CI in kifs <7 |
| paraminosalicylic (PAS) | alternative for kids |
| pyrazinamide (PZA) | tx TB, s/e- photosensitivity, arthritis |
| streptomycin | only TB drug that does not effect liver |
| Goldseal | herbal, for eczema, UTI, gastritis, colitis, and mucosal inflammation |
| permethrin (NIX) | DOC for lice and scabies |
| Elimite | tx mites, lotion, apply and leave on for 8-14 hrs |
| shampoo for lice | 10 minutes then rinse...causes lice to have seizures/death of parasites |
| Benzocaine (Solarcaine) | topical anesthetic, for temp relief of minor skin pain, A/E- methemaglobin (unable to release oxygen to tissues) in inhaled |
| lidocaine (Xylocaine) | for V arrytmias, check prep and dose |
| aloe vera | herbal to smooth skin from mild irritants |
| trentinoin (retin A) | mild/moderate acne, pg cat C, tx wrinkles |
| isotretinoin (Accutane) | for cystic acne and keritanization disorders, slows down skin replacement, causes liver damage and is Preg category X! |
| burdock root | herbal for skin detoxification and many other uses, increased effect with licorice |
| psoriasis | may require more than one agent to obtain relief |
| first generation antihistamines | cause urinary retention, drowsiness, need to report blurred vision (could be acute glaucoma) |
| second generation antihistamines | less drowsy than first gen, lesser anticholinergic, works best before exposed to allergenic |
| intranasal glucocorticoids | avoid swallowing, can have systemic effects |
| decongestants (sympathomimetics) | rebound nasal congestion if taken for >5 days, caution in cardiac, diabetic, HTN, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma |
| respiration | gas exchange in alveoli: 2 types- tissue and lungs |
| ventilation | moves air in and out |
| perfusion | where gases are exchanged |
| adrenergic agonists (sympathomimetics) | DOC for acute bronchoconstriction |
| dexamethasone (decadron) | corticosteroid, increases surfactant for fetus |
| hypothyroidism (myxedema) | t4 is precursor to t3...both require low levels of iodine |
| addison's disease |
Created by:
midnight1854
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