Question | Answer |
ACE | -PRIL
Tx: HTN and Heart Failure |
CHOLESTRAMINE (QUESTRAN) | Decreases Cholesterol
-take other meds 1 hr before or 4 hours after
-take with milk, juice to avoid constipation
-take at meal time
SE: Decrease Vit C absorption & Constipation |
ANTIVIRAL | -VIR (in name)
Tx: HIV,viral infections, HSV, HEP C, Chicken pox, RSV
Ex: Ritonovir (Norvir) |
BENZOS | -PAM or has AZE or AZO in name
Tx: Antianxiety, anitconvulsant, muscle relaxer, hypnotic, sedative
Ex: Diazapam, Tegretol (Carpamazine) |
BETA BLOCKERS | -OLOL
Tx: HTN, Dysrythmia, Angia
Ex: Atenolol (can cause bronco constriction) |
CCB | -PINE
Tx: HTN, Angina, dysrythmias (like BB)
Ex: Anlotapine (Norvasac)
Exception: Diltiazam (Cartizine)-has to be given q 4 hrs
Varaprimail (Calan) |
GLUCOCORTICOIDS/CORTICOSTERORIDS | -SONE or contains CORT
Take 2nd, Bronchodilators take 1st
Alters normal immune response
Tx: adrenal insuffency, suppress inflammation, Addisons, Parkinsons, Post x-plant. If taking NPH, increase NPH dose. Can increase BS
Ex: Prednisone (taken in AM) |
H2 ANTAGONISTS | -DINE or TIDINE
Decreased secretion of gastric acid
Tx: Acid Reflux, GERD, Heart burn, prevent ulcers
Adverse Rxn: dizziness, hallucinations, sleepiness
Ex: Semetadine (Tagament) |
NITRATES | -contains NITR
Vasodilation
Tx: Angina
Ex: Nitroglycerin (nitrostat) |
PPI | -ZOLE
-PRAZOLE
Suppresses Gastric Acid Secretion (like H2 Antagonists)
Tx: Heartburn, Ulcer Dz, GERD, esophageal erosion |
SULFONAMIDES | -contains SULF
Suppresses bacterial growth
Tx: Infections
Ex: Sulfasazine |
THIAZIDE DIURETICS | -ZIDE
Tx: HTN & Peripheral Edema
Ex: HCL thiazide |
THROMBOLYTIC | -ASE
Used to dissolve clots
Ex: Altaplase (Actiplase) |
THYROID HORMONE | -contains THY
Tx: replacement therapy, hypothryoidism
Ex: Levothryroxine (Synthroid) |
BRONCHODILATORS | -LINE
Tx: disorders that cause bronchoconstiction, Asthma, COPD, Emphazema
Ex:Theophyline 10-20 TDL
SE: Restlessness & Increased P |
ABX | -CYLINE, MYCIN, MICIN
Take 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals
SE: Photosensitivity, Decreases contraceptive effectiveness
Adverse rxn: yellow skin, Hep, Macular rash-STOP MED
Ex: Erthromax, vibramycin, tetracycline (cipro)
NO albumin, Mg or Ca antacids |
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE or ANTIHYSTAMINE | -INE |
Mental and Emotional Conditions or N/V | -ZINE
Adverse fx: EPS
Tx: schizophrenia, N/V (phen and comp) |
Cardiac Glycosides | -OXIN
Tx: CHF and Heart Arythmias |
ANTICHOLENERGIC | -OPINE
EX: Atropine
SE: can't see, pee, sit, poo (Activates SNS-flight or fight)
NO with GLAUCOMA = Icreases IOP |
SNS | -Increases BP, HR, RR
-Decreases GI, UO (constipation and urinary retention)
-dilated pupils (blurry vison)
-constricted blood vessels and dry mouth
(FLIGHT OR FIGHT)- acts on Increased ACH |
PNS | -decreased HR
-constriced pupils
-Relaxed
-Increased sex drive
-warm, dry skin
REST AND DIGEST- acts on Decreased ACH |
Is DIG K sparing or wasting? | K WASTING |
Is ADACTONE K sparing or wasting? | K SPARING |
What can sudden stopping of TEGRETOL cause? | SEIZURES |
What do you don't want to take with GRAPEFRUIT JUICE? | (Most Benzo, vir meds, depression meds)
-BUSPAR
-VARAPAMIL
-TEGRETOL (CARBAMAZEPINE) |
CISPLATIN | -CA med
-30% can cause OTO TOXICITY
-drink 8-10 glasses of water |
ANALGESIC | -DONE
Tx: Pain |
ANESTHETIC (local) | -CAINE |
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE | Tx: Heart problems (Ventricular arrhythmia's) caused by MI |
ANTI-ULCER | -DINE |
DIURETICS | -MIDE
-ZIDE |
ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC | -IDE |
STEROID | -SONE |
NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING | -NIUM
anesthesia to produce paralysis
(inhibits AcH) |
What age groups are affected by medications the most? | OLD & YOUNG (greater risk of toxicity)
- Absorption
-Excretion
-Distribution
-Metabolism |
Many med are contraindicated in what? | Breastfeeding and Pregnancy |
What med is not usually administered with other medications? | Antacids (affects the absorption of med) |
What can RN do in regards to medications? | -GIVE
-HOLD
(can never stop or dc med, never tell pt to stop abruptly) |
What kids of meds should not be taken with other prescribed mediations (unless MD approved)? | -OTC
-HERBAL |
METFORMIN | -Oral Hypoglycemic (decreaseds glucose production)
-given in combo with repglinidine
Adverse Fx: Muscle Pain |
METOCLOPRAMIDE (Reglan) | -Antiemetic
Tx: N/V prevention, Decreases GERD, GI Stimulant
DONT Take with: GI disturbance, hemorrhage or perfusion |
ANTICOAGULANT | -PARIN
Tx: PE, MI, DVT |
ANGIOTENSION RECEPTOR | -SARTIN
Vasoconstriction and Aldosterone secretion
Tx: Decrease BP |
BB | -OLOL
Tx: Decrease BP, P, CO, Migraines , Glaucoma |
AMINOGLYCOSIDES | -CIN/MYCIN
Kills Bacteria (ABX)
OTO and NEPHRO TOXIC
Ex: Vancomycin |
SSRI | Tx: for Depression, anxiety, OCD |
What does NITRO not relieve? | UNSTABLE ANGINA |
How should NITRO be taken? | -1 every 5 min for 3 min
-if not relieved go to ER
DONT give if BP is below 90/60 |
What are the Sx of ATROPINE OD? | Think Alice in Wonderland
-HOT
-LOC Changes
-RED (flushed face)
-DRY/THIRSTY |
What kids of Meds are COLCHINE and ALLOPURINOL | GOUT MEDS |
VERAPAMIL (Calan) | CCB
Tx: HTN, Angina
Adverse Fx: Constipation, N, Diarrhea |
What med is given for ASYTOLE (no heart beat)? | ATROPINE |
What med is given for CHF? | ACE |
What med is given for ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK? | EPINEPHRINE |
What med is given for STATUS EPILEPTICS? | VALIUM
ATAVAIN |
What med is given for BIPOLAR? | LITHIUM |
What med is given for VENTRAL and ATRIAL Complications (A-fib, V-fib, act.)? | AMIODARONE |
CA MEDS | Massive cell destruction following chemo = Inc. uric acid levels
SE: allopecia, decreased resistance to body
Need to contact MD before getting vaccinations
-NO ASA or ETOH
Ex: Elspar, Tamoxifen, Megestrol, alduphosphamide, Busuifan, Vincristine, Beomy |
TDL of LITHIUM | 0.8-1.5
Toxicity: lethargy, hand tremors, muscle weakness |
TDL of DILANTIN (Phenytoin) | 10-20
Toxicity: muscle incordination, nastagmus, diplopia
Tx: Seizure |
TDL of DIGOXIN (Lanoxin) | 0.5-2.0
Toxicity: GI disturbance, N/V, anorexia, light flashes and halos
Tx; CHF (aflutter) |
SYNTHROID (Levothyroxine Sodium) | Tx: Hypothyroidism/Myexedema
May take several weeks to work. Affects PT time
Adverse: Chest pain, nervousness, tremors, D, insomnia, heat intolerance
Take on EMPTY STOMACH in AM.
-w/h if P is above 100 |
TDL of THYOPHYLLINE | 10-20
Toxicity: Restless, dizziness, Insomnia, seizure, HA
Tx: Asthma/COPD bronchospasms (works by relaxing smooth muscle) |
Antidote of IRON | DEFEROXAMINE |
Antidote of ACETAMINOPHEN | N-ACETYLCYSTEINE (MUCOMYST)
Liver failure possible for 4 days |
Antidote of ETOH W/D | LIBRIUM
-bad N/V will occur with any ETOH consumption or products (lotions, cough syrup) |
Antidote of COUMADIN (Warfarin) | VIT K
PT 10-12 sec (control) |
Antidote of HEPARIN/LOVENOX/DALTEPARIN | PROTAMINE SULFATE
PTT: 30-45 sec (control) |
Antidote of DIGOXIN | DIGIBIND
-K will make it worse |
Antidote of MgSO4 (mag sulfate) | CALCIUM GLUTAMATE |
Antidote to NARCOTIC ADDICTS | METHODONE |
MAOI Drugs | Think PANAMA
PA-Parnate
NA-Nardil
MA-Marplan
Tx: Depression and Bipolar
-Increases seratonin, dopamine, NE, Epi
-Last resort after SSRI and tricyclic, can have BP problem and DDI
DONT use with SINEMET (Parkinson tx) |
COGENTIN | Tx: Parkinsons and EPS of other drugs
Adverse fx: Increased T, confusion and visual hallucinations
SE: Constipation, Increased HR, blurry vision, decreased UO
NO in GLAUCOMA |
THEOPHYLLINE | TDL: 10-20
BRONCHODILATOR (give 1st)
-Increases the risk of DIG TOX
-Decreased effect of LI and DILANTIN, L K & Mg
Tx: Ashtma and COPD
Give W/FOOD
SE: GI upset, Increased HR, HTN, N/V |
WHICH MED DO YOU GIVE 1ST? | BRONCHODILATORS (before glucocorticoids) |
INH (Isoniazid) | Tx: TB
Risk: Phenotoin TOX if taken w/ DILANTIN, peripheral neuritis, hepatic, Jaundice
-take vit B6 to prevent neuritis (monitor LFT's)
-BP will Decrease then return |
PREDNISONE | Tx: BP (similar to DILANTIN)
DONT stop abruptly, Decrease dose in elderly
SE: weight gain, hyperplasia of gums
**Causes K secretion** |
DILANTIN (Phenytoin) | Tx: Seizures TDL: 10-20
SE: wght gain, hyperplasia of gums, RED URINE
Adverse: **RASH-STOP MED** (not abruptly)
DONT give with THEOPHYLLINE (decreased effectiveness) or INH (phenytoin tox)
**DONT STOP ABRUPTLY ** |
DIGOXIN | Tx: Afib & HF TDL: 0.5-2.0
W/HOLD: Lower P=60, HR=100 (children) & 48hrs before cardioversion
-check apical pulse 1 full min & K
-flush H20 (sticky)
THEOPHYLLINE increases DIG TOX
Sx: visual changes, V/D/N, confusion
-Given w/ Lasix (K wasting)- gi |
MUCOMYST (N-Acetylcytine) | ANTIDOTE for TYLENOL (Acetaminophen)
-most common poisoning in children
-Admin Orally
Sx of Toxic Tylenol: Jaundice, penia, Rash, hypoglycemia |
RIFAMPIN (Ridadin) | Tx: TB, HIV and Menningitis
SE: RED URINE/TEARS
-BC doesn't work as well when taking this med |
What SE do ALL PSYCH meds have? What one is DIFFERENT? | All SE: SNS (flight or fight) but decreased BP
Except: LITHIUM (acts different) |
Mg SULFATE | Stops preterm labor-doesnt affect infant heart, BP or T (decreases R)
DONT give if DTR are INEFFECTIVE
If mother experiences seizure during Mg admin --> GET BABY OUT
ANTIDOTE: Ca GLUTAMATE |
SINEMET (Levodopa and Carbidopa) | Tx: Parkinsons and Sedative
SE: RED URINE and drowsiness
DONT give with MAOI or Increased PROTEIN meals
KAVA KAVA will DECREASE effectiveness |
BETHAMETHASONE (Celestone) | Surfactant/Steroid
Tx: Lung expansion
-give 2nd (bronchodilator 1st-open up lungs)
Ex: Glucocorticoid inhaler |
What medication should you NOT give KIDS for pain? | ASPRIN/NSAID
-Associated with Reyes Sx (occurs after viral infection)
Sx: V, lethargy, irritability (Baby-D & Increased K)
-GIVE TYLENOL |
When should this med be taken: CARAFATE (Sulcrafate)? | BEFORE MEALS
Tx: Duodeal Ulcer (1.5-3 hrs p eating, awakens at night, food helps)
-mucomyst barrier |
When should this med be taken: most ABX? | BEFORE MEALS
-1 hr before (or 2 hrs after) |
When should this med be taken: ZOCOR? | BEFORE MEALS
-Tx: hyperlipidemia |
When should this med be taken: VIBRAMYCIN? | WITH MEALS |
When should this med be taken: NSAIDS? | WITH MEALS |
When should this med be taken: CORTICOSTEROIDS? | WITH MEALS |
When should this med be taken: BIPOLAR MEDS? | WITH MEALS |
When should this med be taken: CHEPHLOSPORINS? | WITH MEALS |
When should this med be taken: SULFONAMIDES? | WITH MEALS |
When should this med be taken: **THEOPHYLLINE**? | WITH MEALS
Tx: Asthma/COPD |
When should this med be taken: **TAGAMENT** (Cimetidine)? | WITH MEALS (daily dose)
**BEDTIME** (once daily dose)
-H2 antagonist
Tx: GERD, Heartburn, Ulcers |
When should this med be taken: APRESOLINE (hydralazine)? | WITH MEALS
Tx: HTN or CHF |
When should this med be taken: ACYCLOVIR? | WITH MEALS
Tx: Herpes |
When should this med be taken: **K SUPPLEMENTS**? | WITH MEALS |
When should this med be taken: AMPHOJEL/RENOGEL? | WITH MEALS
Tx: Acid Indigestion (antacid)
Take 1-2 hrs before Tetracycline (will Dec effectiveness of Tetra)
Ex of Tetra: Doxycycline and Vibramycin (Bacterial genital infx) |
When should this med be taken: MEVACOR (Lovastatin)? | WITH MEALS in PM
Tx:Coronary Artery Dz, Hyperlipidemia (decreases Cho)
Adverse: muscle pain/tenderness/weakness esp. when with malaise or fever
Tx: CA (Chemo med) |
When should this med be taken: DEXAMETHOSONE? | WITH MEALS
Tx: Cerebral Edema, SHOCK, adrenal insufficiency, MS
Adverse: Adrenal insufficiency (fatigue, muscle weakness, joint pain, fever, anorexia, N, SOB, dizziness, fainting) |
When should this med be taken: INDOMETHACIN (Indocin)? | WITH MEALS
Tx:RA & Gouty Arthritis
-NSAID (decrease inflammation, pain & Temp)
Adverse: GI bleed, chest pain, SOB, weakness, slurred speech |
TETRACYCLINES | DOXYCYCLINE/VIRBAMYCIN/TETRACYCLINE HCL
Tx: Bacterial genital infections (gonorrhea, syphilis, rectal infx), Anthrax, Acne, H.pylori, roseasa)
-Take WITH MEALS
-Avoid direct sunlight/UV, wear protective clothing/sunscreen |
When should this med be taken: TETRACYCLINES? | WITH MEALS
-Take 1h BEFORE BEDTIME to prevent esophageal irritation
-Avoid direct sunlight/UV, wear protective clothing/sunscreen |
When should this med be taken: STEROIDS? | AM MED
Tx: Anti-Immflammatory |
When should this med be taken: DIURETICS? | AM MED
Tx: Edema caused by Heart/Liver/Renal Liver Failure |
When should this med be taken: ARICEPT (Donepezil)? | AM MED
Tx: Alzheimers
-AVOID OTC Sleep or Cold meds (increase anticholinergic fx)
-Tell MD before receiving ANETHESIA |
When should this med be taken: DEXEDRINE? | AM MED
Tx: ADHD & Narcolepsy
-DONT drink fruit JUICE with oral solution
-Decreases SEIZURE threshold, report Seizures |
When should this med be taken: ANTACIDS? | AFTER MEALS (p meals) |
When should this med be taken: most ABX? | AFTER MEALS (2 hrs)
**or 1 hr BEFORE** |
When should this med be taken: GROWTH HORMONE? | PM MED |
When should this med be taken: SUCRAFATE (Carafate)? | PM MED & BEFORE MEALS
Tx: Peptic Ulcer |
What meds cause RED FLUIDS? | -PREDNISONE- BP med
-DILANTIN (phenytoin)- BP med
-RIFAMPIN (Rifadin)-TB/Menningococal |
What is the Tx for EPS? | ANTICHOLENERGICS |
What meds usually CAUSE EPS? | ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDS
-Atypical won't cause
Most Common: Haloperidol (Schizophrenia), Thorazine |
What are EPS symptoms? | -PSEDOPARKINSONS (tremors, postural instability)
-AKINESIA (inability to initiate movement)
-TARDIVE DYSKINESIA (inv movement of face and jaw) Tx: BB/Benz
-AKATHISIA (inability to remain still) |
What can you NOT take with MAOI? | -SINTEMET (parkinsons)
-ETOH
-CHEESE |
What can you NOT take with EGG allergies? | -MMR
-FLU vaccine
-Neomycin |
What interferes with Dilantin (Phenytoin)? | Tx: Epilepsy
***LOTS OF DDI*** (INCREASES PHEYTOIN TOX)
-INH (TB infxn), Thyophylline (asthma), disulfuram (ETOH tx), Benzos, Fursemide, St. Johns Wart, ABX, heart meds, anticoagulants |
What can you NOT take with LEVODOPA/CARBIDOPA (Sinamet)? | Tx: Parkinsons
-B6
-MAOI (depression)
- |
If you are ALLERGIC to BAKERS YEAST what VACCINE can you NOT get? | HEP B |
If you have an MI what med can you NOT use? | -tPA (Tx: ischemic stoke-caused by blood clots) |
If you have GLAUCOMA what drugs can you NOT take? | -VISINE
-LEVODOPA
-ATROPINE
-ANTICHOLLENERGIC
** Increase IOP** |
What drugs DECREASE EFFECTIVENESS of THEOPHYLINE? | Tx: Asthma
-LI
-Dilantin (Epilepsy) |
What INCREASES the risk of DIGOXIN TOX? | -THEOPHYLINE
-DECREASED K
-DECREASED MG
Dig used to tx CHF (slows HR so it doesn't have to work as hard) |
What med should INH be taken with? | B6
Tx: TB (also prevent) |
What CRISIS can DEMOROL (Meperdine) NOT be given in? | SICKLE CELL CRISIS (severe pain, trouble breathing, anemia)
Tx: Pancreatitis |
What med can you NOT give if you have PANCREATITIS? | MORPHINE SULFATE
-causes spasm
**GIVE DEMEROL** |
What med is GOOD for PANCREATITIS? | DEMORAL
**DONT give MORPHINE** |
What med can you NOT give if you have no DTR? | Mg SULFATE |
What BEVERAGES can you NOT have if you are taking ANTIPSYCHOTICS? | -CAFFEINE
-APPLE JUICE |
What DZ can you NOT give ISOTONIC solution to? | -HTN
-HEART DZ
-RENAL DZ |
What are ISOTONIC Solutions? | -NS (w/blood prod)
-LR (burns-more E)
-D5W
-D5 1/4 NS
Goes into the VASCULAR space
Makes FV and BP go UP
Tx: N/V, sweating, burns, hemm, trauma |
What are HYPOTONIC Solutions? | Goes into VASCULAR space then CELLS
-1/4 DW
-1/2 NS
-3% NS with 1/2 NS
Hydrating, DOESNT cause BP increase like Iso
Tx: Heart/Renal Dz, HTN, Inc Na |
What DZ can you NOT give HYPOTONIC Solution to? | -CELLULAR EDEMA
Watch for decreased BP |
What are HYPERTONIC Solutions? | Volume Expander(particles)= PULLS from CELLS into VASCULAR
-D10W
-3% NS
-5% NS
-TPN
-ALBUMIN
You can add E to Iso/Hypo = Hyper
Tx: Dec Na, 3rd spacing (edema, burns, acities)
RETURNS volume to VASCULAR space |
What SOLUTION would you NOT want to give with PULMONARY EDEMA? | HYPERTONIC (would increase fluid in vascular space which is already increased since they have pulmonary edema)
-watch for FVE |
What are the 4 G's? | -GINKO
-GINGER
-GENSING
-GARLIC |
What can you NOT take or do if you had the 4 G's? | -GO INTO SURG
-PLAVIX
-ANTIPLATLET |
What VITAMIN should you NOT take with ALLOPURINOL? | VIT C
Tx: Gout |
What VS should you HOLD NITROGLYCERINE? | BP below 90/60 |
What med should you NOT take if you are going into SURGERY? | -NSAIDS
-HEPARIN
-COUMADIN
-4 G'S (Ginko, Gensing, Garlic, Ginger) |
When can you NOT get the VARICELLA (chicken pox) Vaccine? | -PREGNANT
-STEROIDS
-ACTIVE INFECTION
-IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
-ALLERGY to GELATIN or NEOMYCIN |
What is DILAUDID used for? | PAIN
-usually after surg |
ASA poisoning SX and TX? | Sx: breathing fast and sweating
Tx: Emetic or gastric lavage |
4 Actions of Glucocorticoids | 1. Changes Mood
2.Alter Defense Mechanism (Decreases Immunity)
3. Breakdown of Protein/Fat --> Ketones --> Acid
4. Inhibit Insulin |
What Increases Calcium and what Decreases Calcium? | Increases= PTH (parathyroid)
Decreases = Calcitonin
If there is no PTH the pt can have a seizure due to hypocalcemia (too low Calcium) |
What does AngiOtensiOn II do in the lungs? | In the lungs it is a potent vasoDILATOR
(think O --> Open ) |
What is the category for Coffee, Tea, ETOH, cigarettes? | Stimulants
- none 24-48 hours before EEG (tests brain activity)
-no sleep the night before |
What are some Adverse Fx of Ambien? | AE: sleepiness during the day
-there are no side effect of HA, discolored urine or irregular HR |
What is drug toxicity a cause of? | Renal Failure (the way drugs leave the system) |
What is the only thing that can be added to a TPN or PPN line? | Insulin
NO:
-Xanax (not in PN line bc it needs digestive system)
-Phenagran (causes precipitation in formula)
-Demoral (not with TPN) |
Where does a PEG tube go to? | Empties formula directly into the stomach to be digested. |
Where does PN go to? | Directly into the blood stream and bypasses the digestive system bc it is not working properly. |
Where is a PICC line inserted? | Into a peripheral vein, but is long enough to empty into the large veins going directly into the heart |
Where does a Subclavian Line go to? | It empties directly into the large vein of the heart, reeducating rip of damage to smaller veins. |
Where does a CVC go? | It empties just above the heart muscle to be distributed. |
What does the control refer to when dealing with medication and bleeding times? | Control: Premedication bleeding time
-usually 1.5-2 times the control |
The therapeutic level in regards to bleeding time: | It is usually slightly prolonged so that clotting will not occur.
1.5-2 times the control (pre-bleeding time) |
Antidote of OPIODS | Naloxone (Narcan) |
Normal Saline 0.9% | Increases circulating volume when RBC are adequate
-Replaces losses w/o altering consentrations
-Helpful in Na replacement
ISOTONIC |
LR | Replaces fluid and pH buffers
-NS w/ K, Ca, and lactate buffers
-seen with surgery
ISOTONIC |
D5W | Increases total fluid volume, rehydrating and extratory purposes
-provides 170-200 cal/1,000cc for energy
-becomes hypotonic in the body (uses up dextrose fast then only H2O remains)
ISOTONIC then HYPOTONIC |
1/2 NS 0.45% | Raises total fluid volume
-daily matinee but less value for NaCl replacement
-Helps est renal fxn
-good for diabetic its who don't need extra glucose
HYPOTONIC |
D5 1/2NS | Daily matinee and body fluid nutrition and rehydration
-most common post op fluid
HYPERTONIC |
D5 LR | Same as LR + 180 cal/1000cc
-watch for FVO
HYPERTONIC |
D5NS | Replaces fluid NaCl and Calories
-watch for FVO
HYPERTONIC |