Question | Answer |
Genetics | the field of biology that is devoted to the understanding of how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring. |
Heredity | The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. |
Trait | is a genetically determined variant of a characteristic, such as the color of the flower. |
Pollination | occurs when pollen grains produced in the male reproductive parts (anthers) are transferred to the female reproductive parts (stigma). |
Self-pollination | occurs when pollen transferred from the anthers of one flower to the the stigma of same flower or on another plant. |
cross-pollination | Occurs between flowers of two plants |
true-breeding | a pure trait that is always seen in offspring when the parents self-pollinate. |
P Generation | true breeding parents |
F1 generation | offspring of the P generation - the first filial generation |
F2 generation | The second filial generation |
Dominant | The trait that is visible |
Recessive | The trait that is covered up or hidden behind the other allele |
Genotype | an organisms genetic makeup |
allele | a pair of one of the alternative forms of a gene. |
Phenotype | The organisms appearance. |
Homozygous | when both alleles are alike or the same. |
Heterozygous | when the two alleles in the pair are different. |
probability | the liklihood that a specific event will occur. |
punnett square | a diagram or chart that shows the probablity of the distribution of traits among offspring. |
Complete dominance | One allele completely dominates over another |
incomplete dominance | when the phenotype of an organsim is between the dominant and recessive traits. |
Codominance | When both alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous offspring. |
dihybrid cross | When two characteristics are tracked or predicted. |
Monohybrid Cross | When only one characterstic is tracked. |
Gregor Mendel | The Father of Genetics. |