| Question | Answer |
| Magnesium's effect on nerve impulse | inhibits nerve impulse transmission |
| Magnesium's effect on the instestines | Intestinal changes are from decreased intestinal smooth muscle contraction. |
| The effects of hypomagnesemia are caused by: | increased membrane excitability and the accompanying serum calcium and potassium imbalances. Excitable membranes, especially nerve cell membranes, may depolarize spontaneously. |
| Magnesium's functions: | Magnesium is critical for:
skeletal muscle contraction,
carbohydrate metabolism,
(ATP) formation,
vitamin activation,
and cell growth.
Extracellular magnesium regulates blood coagulation and skeletal muscle contractility. |
| Hyperphosphatemia problems: | Results from hypocalcemia problems |
| Hypermagnesemia may lead to what blood problem: | Clotting |
| Phosphate exists in a reciprical balance b/t which electrolyte? | Calcium |
| Calcium has an inverse relationship with which electrolyte? | Phosphate |
| What happens if there is too little phosphate? | There is a lot of calcium, and this causes excitable tissues to be less sensitive to normal stimuli. |
| What happens if there is too much phosphate? | There is less calcium in the blood, and this result in excitable tissues to be more sensitive to normal stimuli |
| Hypophosphotemia assessment: | weak skeletal muscles that may progress to acute muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis). The weakness is generalized,
paresthesias not present.
respiratory movements are ineffective, leading to respiratory failure. |
| Hypophosphotemia and cardiac muscles: | Cardiac depression is caused by low stores of intracellular energy. Without sufficient energy in myocardial cells, contractions are weak and ineffective. Prolonged hypophosphatemia causes progressive but reversible cardiac muscle damage. |
| Calcium | Stabilizes membrane potential |
| Low serum calcium | Allows excitable cells to fire spontaneously |
| Assessing for hypocalcemia | Assess for hypocalcemia by testing for Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs. |
| Potassium infusion maximun rate | 1mEq/10ml
maintaining an infusion rate not faster than 5 to 10 mEq of potassium per hour |
| Potassium | Has to to with activating cells --
low = weak response to impulse |
| Hyponatremia | Muscle weakness
Check for respiratory muscle functions |
