Question | Answer |
Magnesium's effect on nerve impulse | inhibits nerve impulse transmission |
Magnesium's effect on the instestines | Intestinal changes are from decreased intestinal smooth muscle contraction. |
The effects of hypomagnesemia are caused by: | increased membrane excitability and the accompanying serum calcium and potassium imbalances. Excitable membranes, especially nerve cell membranes, may depolarize spontaneously. |
Magnesium's functions: | Magnesium is critical for:
skeletal muscle contraction,
carbohydrate metabolism,
(ATP) formation,
vitamin activation,
and cell growth.
Extracellular magnesium regulates blood coagulation and skeletal muscle contractility. |
Hyperphosphatemia problems: | Results from hypocalcemia problems |
Hypermagnesemia may lead to what blood problem: | Clotting |
Phosphate exists in a reciprical balance b/t which electrolyte? | Calcium |
Calcium has an inverse relationship with which electrolyte? | Phosphate |
What happens if there is too little phosphate? | There is a lot of calcium, and this causes excitable tissues to be less sensitive to normal stimuli. |
What happens if there is too much phosphate? | There is less calcium in the blood, and this result in excitable tissues to be more sensitive to normal stimuli |
Hypophosphotemia assessment: | weak skeletal muscles that may progress to acute muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis). The weakness is generalized,
paresthesias not present.
respiratory movements are ineffective, leading to respiratory failure. |
Hypophosphotemia and cardiac muscles: | Cardiac depression is caused by low stores of intracellular energy. Without sufficient energy in myocardial cells, contractions are weak and ineffective. Prolonged hypophosphatemia causes progressive but reversible cardiac muscle damage. |
Calcium | Stabilizes membrane potential |
Low serum calcium | Allows excitable cells to fire spontaneously |
Assessing for hypocalcemia | Assess for hypocalcemia by testing for Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs. |
Potassium infusion maximun rate | 1mEq/10ml
maintaining an infusion rate not faster than 5 to 10 mEq of potassium per hour |
Potassium | Has to to with activating cells --
low = weak response to impulse |
Hyponatremia | Muscle weakness
Check for respiratory muscle functions |