| Question | Answer |
| alveleoli | tiny saclike structures in the
lungs at which gas exchange takes
place |
| arteries | a blood vessel that carries blood
away from the heart |
| atrium | the thin-walled,
upper chambers that receive blood
into the heart |
| bronchi | two tubes that branch off from the trachea
and enter the lungs |
| bronchioles | several small tubes that branch off from the bronchi and lead into the alveoli of the respiratory system |
| capillary | the smallest blood vessel in a
closed circulatory system; where
materials are exchanged with surrounding
tissues |
| cilia | small, hairlike structures on the
surface of cells that aid life
processes |
| circulation | the movement of blood
through the blood vessels of an animal |
| closed circulatory system | a transport
system in which the blood does not
leave the blood vessels |
| diastolic pressure | the pressure of the
blood between heart contractions,
at its lowest point |
| exhalation | the movement of air out
of the respiratory system |
| gills | the respiratory organs of waterbreathing
vertebrates |
| inhalation | the movement of air into
the respiratory system |
| nasal cavity | the start of the respiratory
system at which the air is filtered,
odors are detected, and
humidity and temperature are
adjusted for respiration |
| open circulatory system | system in
which blood circulates around the
organs |
| phloem | tubes that carry carbohydrates
from the leaves to the rest of
a plant |
| plasma | the liquid portion of blood;
contains water and dissolved substances |
| platelets | fragments of blood cells that
help the blood clot normally |
| pulmonary | pertaining to structure
and/or function of the lungs |
| respiratory surface | the moist area of
an animal at which gas exchange
occurs |
| root hairs | an extension of the cells
that line roots, which increases the
surface area for absorption |
| systemic | pertaining to the whole
body of an organism |
| systolic pressure | the pressure of the
blood when the heart is contracting,
at its highest point |
| trachea | the air tube that connects the
pharynx to the bronchi; the windpipe |
| tracheae | in insects, air tubes that connect
the inside to outside for gas
exchange |
| transpiration | in plants, the loss of
water vapor from the stomates of a
leaf |
| veins | a blood vessel that carries blood
toward the heart |
| ventricle | the thick-walled, lower
chambers that push blood out of
the heart |
| xylem | tubes that carry water and
nutrients from the roots up
through a plant |
