Question | Answer |
What do you call the part of a muscle that attaches to a bone that is stable and has little to no movement? | Origin |
What do you call the part of a muscle that attaches to a bone that moves when the muscle contracts? | Insertion |
What do you call the fat part of a muscle between the origin and insertion points? | Belly |
The muscle producing the most force during a movement is called the __ __. | prime mover |
The muscle that helps the prime mover muscle is called the __. | synergist |
The muscle that would oppose a movement if it contacts is called the __. | antagonist |
A muscle that holds a bone in place (instead of moving it) is called a __. | fixator |
Neurons and __ have the only excitable cells in the body? | muscles |
Muscles are the only tissues in the body that can __ or exert force when stimulated. | contract |
Approximately how many muscles are in the human body? | 600 |
Name the 3 kinds of muscle. | skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
Another term for a muscle cell is a muscle __. | fiber |
How many functions do muscles serve? | Six |
What are the 6 functions of muscles in the body? | Movement, blood flow, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat |
Which kind of muscle is under voluntary control, has long cells that form bands or striations, and that contract rapidly while tiring easily? | skeletal or striated |
Which kind of muscle is involuntary, with fewer striations than skeletal muscle, with steady contraction speed that can speed up when needed? | cardiac |
Which kind of muscle can be found in the digestive tract, is involuntary, does not require nervous stimulation, has a slow contraction speed, does not tire easily, and is nonstriated? | smooth |
Name the 5 characteristics of muscle. (Every cat can eat eggs) | excitability, conductivity, contractility, extensibility, elasticity |
The ability of muscles to receive and respond to stimulus is called? | excitability |
The ability of muscles to conduct an action potential (nerve impulse) is called? | conductivity |
The ability of muscles to shorten or contract is called? | contractility |
The ability of muscles to stretch is called? | extensibility |
The connective tissue that surrounds every muscle fiber is called? | endomysium |
A collection of bundles of muscle fibers is called? | fascicle |
What surrounds each muscle fascicle? | perimysium |
What surrounds the entire muscle? | epimysium |
A broad sheath-like connective tissue that connects muscle to muscle? | aponeurosis |
The aponeurosis in the palm of the hand is called? | palmar aponeurosis |
Muscles are __ because muscles need a lot of ATP. | multinucleated |
The plasma membrane of muscle cells is called? | sarcolemma |
What carries electrical current and is located at junctions of the a and I bands? | transverse tubules |
The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber is called? | sarcoplasm |
The sarcoplasm contains what 2 things needed by muscle? | glycogen, myoglobin |
The endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber is called? | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a reservoir for __ ions needed to make the muscle contract. | calcium |
The contractile elements of muscles are called? | myofibrils |
Myofibrils consist of what? | myofilaments |
Myofilaments contain what 4 proteins? | actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin |
__ is a thin protein that causes muscles to contract. | actin |
__ is a thick protein that causes muscles to contract. | myosin |
__ and __ are regulatory proteins in muscles that stop muscles from contracting. | troponin and tropopmyosin |
The smallest unit of muscle is called? | sarcomere |
The borders of a sarcomere are called? | Z-bands |
The "rowing team" of the sarcomere is called? | myosin |
The area where myosin can be found is called the __ band. | A-band |
Electrical stimulus of a muscle is called an __ __. | action potential |
Where do muscles get their energy from? | ATP |
Stored __ is ready energy. | ATP |
What other sources of energy can be converted to ATP? | glucose and creatine phosphate |
Glucose is absorbed through the __ __. It is slow energy. | digestive tract |
One way of generating ATP is through aerobic respiration. This creates __ ATP, and 2 are needed to start the cycle. | thirty-eight |
One way of generating ATP is through anaerobic respiration. This creates __ ATP, and 2 are used to start the cycle. | four |
The Kreb's cycle is also called the __ __ cycle. | citric acid |
Aerobic respiration results in ATP, plus __ __ and water. | carbon dioxide |
Aerobic respiration occurs in the cell __. | mitochondria |
When glucose is gone, we use __. | glycogen |
Glycogen is stored in the __ and some is stored in muscle. | liver |
__ respiration occurs when muscles are contracting for a long time and oxygen is deficient. | Anaroebic |
Glucose is broken down into ATP and __ acid. | lactic |
Lactic acid makes muscles __. | tired |
Which produces ATP faster: aerobic respiration or anaroebic respiration? | anaroebic |
Creatine phosphate is stored in __ __. | muscle tissue |
Creatine phosphate (CP) will bind to __ and make a new ATP. | ADP |
What do you experience when glycogen stores in muscles are used up and ATP production fails? | physiological fatigue |
When oxygen stores need to be replenished in muscles, we experience __ debt. | oxygen |
When stimulated by a motor neuron, muscle fiber will contract to its greatest extent or not at all. What is this principle called? | All of none principle |
A single motor neuron, that tells muscle fibers to contract, is also called a __ __. | motor unit |
The number of muscle fibers that respond to a motor unit can range from __ to several hundred. | four |
The average number of muscle fibers that respond to a motor unit is __. | one-hundred and fifty |
The __ number of muscle fibers, the finer the control of the movement. | fewer |
A __ __ is a response of a muscle to a stimulus. | muscle twitch |
What is the first phase of a muscle twitch? | latent period |
What is the 2nd phase of a muscle twitch? | stimulus |
What is the 3rd phase of a muscle twitch? | contraction |
What is the 4th phase of a muscle twitch? | relaxation |
A long sustained maximum contraction of a muscle is called __. | tetanus |
A muscle contraction without a change in the shape of the muscle is called? | isometric |
A muscle contraction with a change in the shape of the muscle is called? | isotonic |
When a muscle breaks down due to disuse, this is called? | disuse atrophy |
Rigor mortis means __ __ __. | stiffness of death |
The 1st phase of rigor mortis is called? | primary flaccidity |
During the 2nd phase of rigor mortis, what parts of the body are affected? | eyelids, neck, jaw |
A dead body enters the 2nd phase or rigor mortis within __ to __ hours of death. | two to six |
A dead body reaches peak rigidity within __ hours after death. | twelve |
Rigor mortis dissipates with __ to __ hours of death. | forty-eight to sixty |