Question | Answer |
Metaethics | the study of the origin and meaning of ethical concepts: moral semantics, moral epistemology, metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans |
Normative Ethics | theories that aim to arrive at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct (i.e. The Golden Rule) |
Applied Ethics | |
Relativism | |
Psychological Egoism | self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human action |
Ethical Egoism | |
Altruism | desire to act on another's behalf in that person's best interest and to the agent's own detriment |
Why is psychological egoism incompatible with altruism? | |
Emotivism | moral judgments are, at the bottom, expressions of one's emotional preferences. They have an emotive aspect that amounts to a celebration of the judgment and a prescriptive aspect that amounts to encouragement that others follow the judgement (A.J. Ayer) |
male moralities vs. female moralities | Male-centered morality focuses on areas of society that have been "male-dominated"
Female centered morality: morality of nurturing, caring, spontaneous emotional reactions to problems |
virtue ethics | |
Cardinal Virtues | wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice |
Theological Virtues | faith, hope, and charity |
Duty Theories | "deon" for necessity-what must be done
rule-based
Nonconsequentialist
There are contstraints-there are some things one must never do even if doing them would bring about good consequences |
Deontology | |
Pufendorf | Duties to God, Duties to Oneself, Duties to others |
Rights | a justified claim against another person's behavior; if one person holds a right, that right imposes a duty on others not to violate the right |
Locke | |
Kant's Ethics | |
W.D. Ross | |
Consequentialisms | |
Basic aspects of Bentham and Mill's theories | |
Ideal Utilitarianism (G.E. Moore) | |
Preference Utilitarianism (R.M. Hare) | |
What is a Social Contract Theory? | |
Motivational Internalism (strong and weak) | |
Motivational Externalism | |
Relational property | |
Ethics | |
Aesthetics | |
Epistemology | |
Metaphysics | |
Ontology | |
Logic | |
Voluntarism | |
Prima Facie Duties | |
Utilitarianism | |
act utilitarianism | |
rule utilitarianism | |
teleology | |
Eudaimonism | |
Formalist | |
Purists | |
Modernizers | |
closed concept | |
open concept | |
"Family resemblance" | |
Institutional Definition of Art | |
Autonomism | |
Moralism | |
Intensional object | |
Extensional object | |
Performance works | |
object works | |
4 Types of Character | |
2 Types of Virtue | |
The Doctrine of the Mean | |
The Unity of the Virtues | |
Argument for why something must be intrinsically good | |
Relationship between virtue and happiness (eudaimonia) | |
What makes something good? | |
Parts of the soul | |
The Euthyphro Problem | |
Ring of Gyges | |
Two rings scenario | |
Censorship of poets in the Republic | |
Problems with the definition of "piety" in Euthyphro dialogue | |
3 Types of Goods | |
What type of good is justice according to Socrates? | |
What type of good is justice according to the average person? | |
The "social contract" which Thrasymachus supposes created justice | |
Fully just man vs. Fully unjust man | |
Sun | |
Line | |
Cave | |
Frank Sibley | |
Wilhelm Wundt | |
Monroe Beardsley | |
Joseph Margolis | |
Roger Taylor | |
Jerome Stolnitz | |
Edward Bullough | |
George Dickie | |
The New Criticism | |
Nelson Goodman | |
Representation | |
Formalist definition of art (i.e. Clive Bell) | |
Expression | |
R.G. Collingwood | |
Communication theorists | |
Langer | |
Creative Process Theory | |
Hospers & Bouwsma | |
Guy Sircello | |