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H U3 Crop Protect

Higher - Unit 3 - Crop Protection

QuestionAnswer
State three factors that decrease productivity in agricultural production. Weeds, pests and disease
State the two types of weeds? Annual and perennial weeds
What are annual weeds? Weeds that have a lifecycle of one year.
What are perennial weeds? Weeds that persist from year to year.
Which weeds have a short life cycle? Annual
Which weeds have rapid growth? Annual
What are the properties of Perennial weeds? Vegetative reproduction / Storage organs
State the three types of pests. Insects, Nematods (worms), Mollusc's (snail/slug)
State the three diseases. Fungi, bacteria, virus's
How are some plant diseases spread? By parasitic pests which act as vectors.
State the three cultural control methods weeding, ploughing and crop rotation
What does herbicides control weeds
What does fungicides control fungal disease
When do farmers use to know when to apply fungicide? The fungal forecast ( allows them to apply fungicide beforehand)
What does insecticides control Insects
What does Namaticides control Nematods
What does Molluscicides control Molluscs
What are selective herbicides? Herbicides that only kill certain plant species
What are systemic herbicides? Herbicides that spread through the vascular system of plants and prevent regrowth.
What are systemic pesticides? Pesticides that spread through the vascular system of plants and kill pests feeding on it.
State a problem with pesticide use. 1. Increased toxicity to non-target species 2. Persists in the environment 3. Produce resistant pests due to natural selection, they survive and reproduce and pass on resistant alleles 4. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chains
What is bioaccumulation? Build up of chemicals in one organism
What is biomagnification? The increase in concentration of chemicals as they move between trophic levels of a food chain
What is a biological control? A NATURAL control agent that is either a predator, pathogen or parasite.
What is the advantage of a biological control? There is no need for chemicals
What is a disadvantage of a biological control? 1. They become invasive 2. The outcompete other species 3. They prey on other species 4. They hybridise with other species.
What does IPM stand for? Integrated pest management
What is Integrated Pest Management When a combination of control methods is used.
Created by: StNiniansHS
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