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PA: Cold Modalities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the physiologic responses of cryotherapy? | 1. Vasoconstriction 2. Decreased inflammation 3. Decreased spasm therefore increased ROM 4. Increased pain threshold |
| How is cooling accomplished? | By removing heat from an object |
| What ways does cooling occur? | Conduction Convection Evaporation |
| What is conduction? | Transfer of heat by direct interaction |
| What are some examples of conduction? | Ice packs Cold water immersion Ice water filled cuffs |
| What are the four sensations you will feel with cryotherapy? | Cold Burning Aching Numb |
| Why is convection rarely used? | Because you have to put them in a gravity dependent position which doesn't help with edema |
| What is convection? | Direct connection between skin and MOVING fluid |
| What is an example of convection? | Cold whirlpool |
| What are evaporative cold therapies used for? | Trigger points before stretch |
| What is an example of an evaporative cold therapy? | Vapocoolant spray |
| What are some hemodynamic effects of cold agents? | Immediate vasoconstriction |
| What are some peripheral nerve effects of cold agents? | Alteration of conduction velocity Failure to conduct impulses Cooling to 56 degrees blocks A fibers |
| What are some effects on the muscle due to cold agents? | Increase in strength after 5 mins of ice massage (due to smpathetic response which would bring blood to area) Decrease in strength after 30 mins of immersion in 10-12 decree water |
| What are some neromuscular effects of cold agents? | Help reduce spasticity |
| What are the primary goals of cryotherapy? | Limit edema Reduce pain Muscle relaxation/contraction Limit secondary hypoxic tissue injury |
| What is the goal for helping spasticity? | Decrease tone to allow for increased movement |
| Where are ice massages typically done? | Muscle belly Tendon Bursa Trigger points |
| What are the water temperature ranges for cold baths? | 13-18 degrees C |
| What temperature range are controlled cold compression units set at? | 10-25 degrees C |
| What are some contraindications of cold? | Uticaria Cold intolerance Cryoglobulinemia Raynauds disease Over a regenerating peripheral nerve Over an area of circulatory compromise Over an area of PVD |
| What are some precautions of cold? | Hypertension Over a superficial nerve Over an open wound Poor sensation Poor cognition Very young or very old Aversion to cold |
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