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NASM 4th Edition
NASM 4th Edition: Chapter 4 Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics (Vocabulary)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| bioenergetics | study of energy in the human body |
| metabolism | all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used and disposed of by the body. |
| exercise metabolism | the examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise |
| substrates | proteins, carbs, and lipids (fats) that are broken down by the digestive system and used to transfer metabolic energy to be used for all types of cellular activity and life |
| What are carbohydrates | organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars and are an important source of energy. All carbs are eventually broken down in the body to glucose- a simple sugar. |
| What is glucose | a simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body's main source of fuel |
| What is glycogen | the complete carbohydrate molecule use to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscles cells. When carb energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells |
| What is fat | one of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of fats, saturated and unsaturated |
| What are triglycerides | the chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body |
| What is protein | amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consists of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds |
| What is gluconeogenesis | formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids |
| What is Adenosine Triphosphate ( ATP ) | energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body |
| What is Adenosine Disphosphate | a high energy compound occuring in all cells from which ATP is formed |
| What is B-oxidation | the breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids which go to krebs cycle to be ATP (thus it is the first step in the oxidation of fat) |
| What is EPOC- excessive postexercise oxygen consumption | the state in which the body's metabolism is elevated after exercise |
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southerngirl
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