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Pharm chpt 2
vocab chpt 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| additive effects | drug interactions where affect of a combo of 2 or more drugs w/ similar actions is equal to sum of individual effects of same drugs given alone |
| adverse drug event | undesirable occurance related to admin. or failing to admin. prescribed medication |
| drug effects | physiologic rx of body to drug. Therapeutic or toxic and describe how function of body is affected as a whole by drug. Onset, peak, duration |
| duration of action | length of time the concentration of drug is enough to elicit a response |
| metabolite | chemical form of a drug that is product of one or more biochemical rx of parent drug. |
| substrates | substances on which enzymes act |
| synergistic effects | drug interaction when efect of one or more drugs w/ similar actions is greater than sum of individual effects of same drug given alone |
| therapeutic drug monitoring | measuring drug peak and trough levels to gauge level of patients drug exposure |
| therapeutic effect | desired or intent effect of med |
| therapeutic index | ratio between toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug |
| tolerance | reduced response to a drug after prolonged use |
| toxic | being poisonous |
| toxicity | producing adverse bodily effects due to poisonous qualities |
| toxicology | study of poisons including toxic drug effects and applicable treatments |
| trade name | commercial name given to drug product by its manufacturer |
| trough level | lowest concentration after it falls from it's peak |
| adverse drug reaction | unexpected unintended, undesired or excessive response to med given @ therapeutic dosages |
| adverse effects | general term for any undesirable effects that are a response to 1 or more drugs |
| agonist | drug that binds and stimulates activity of receptor |
| allergic rx | immunologic hypersensitivity rx b/c of sensitivity to med. type of adverse drug event |
| antagonist | drug that binds and inhibits activity of receptors |
| antagonistic effects | drug interactions where effect of a combo of 2 or more drugs is less than sum of individual effects of same drug given alone |
| bioavailability | measure of the extent of drug absorption (0%-100%) |
| biotransformation | one or more biochemical rx involving a parent drug. occurs in liver and produces metabolite |
| blood-brain barrier | barrier system that restricts passage of various chemicals and microscopic entities between bloodstream and CNS |
| chemical name | name that describes chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug |
| contraindication | renders a form of treatment improper or undesirable |
| cytochrome p-450 | general name for a large class of enzymes that are involved in drug metabolism |
| dependence | compulsive or chronic need for drug |
| dissolution | solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the GI tract and become soluble before being absorbed |
| drug | chemical that affects physiologic process of a living organism |
| drug actions | cellular processes involved in interaction between drug and body cells |
| drug induced teratogenesis | development of congenital anomalies or defects in developing fetus caused by toxic effect of drugs |
| drug interaction | alteration in the pharmacological activity of given given drug r/t presence of additional drugs. r/t effects on enzymes required for metabolism |
| first pass effect | initial metabolism in liver of a drug absorbed from GI before drug gets to systemic circulation through blood |
| enzymes | protein molecules that catalyze biochemcial rx |
| generic name | name give to drug by us adopted names council. nonproprietary name |
| half life | pharmocokinetics, time required for half of drug to be eliminated by body |
| idiosyncratic rx | abnormal and unexpected response to med |
| incompatibility | characteristic causing 2 parenteral drugs or solutions to undergo a rx when mixed or given together that results in chemical deterioration of at least one drug |
| intraarticular | within a joint |
| intrathecal | within a sheath |
| medication error | preventable adverse drug event involving inappropriate med use by patient or health care provider |
| medication use process | prescribing, dispensing, admin, meds. monitoring effects |
| onset of action | time required for drug to elicit a therapeutic response |
| parent drug | chemical form of drug administered before it is metabolized |
| peak effect | time required for drug to reach max therapeutic response in body |
| peak level | max concentration of drug in body |
| pharmaceutics | science of preparing and dispensing drugs including dosage and design |
| pharmocodynamics | study of biochemical and physiological interactions of drugs at sites of activity. pharmacological interactions with receptors. what DRUG does to the body |
| pharmacogenetics | study of influence of genetics on drug response |
| pharmacognosy | study of drugs obtained from natural plant and animal sources |
| pharmacokinetics | rate of drug distribution among various body compartments. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion. what BODY does to drug |
| pharmacology | broadest term for study or science of drugs |
| pharmacotherapeutics | treatment of pathological conditions through use of drugs |
| produrg | inactive drug dosage form converted to an active metabolite by biochemical rx |
| steady state | physiological state in which amount of drug removed via excretion is equal to amount absorbed |
| receptor | molecular structure within or on surface of cell. bind specific substances and causes a cellular effect due to drug-receptor interaction |
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