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Psych Chapter One
What is Psychology?
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The science that studies behavior and mental processes. | Psychology |
| A formulation of relationships underlying observed events. | Theory |
| Research conducted without concern for immediate applications. | Pure Research |
| Research conducted in an effort to find solutions to particular problems. | Applied Research |
| A college or university course, typically in a specialized field of study, that provides students with supervised practical application of previously studied theory. | Practicum |
| Doctors that help those with psychological disorders to adjust to the demands of life - anxiety, depression, sexual disfunction, loss of goals, etc. | Clinical Psychologist |
| Medical doctors that specialize in the study and treatment of psychological disorders, who also have ability to prescribe medication and other biological treatments. | Psychiatrist |
| Doctors who help clients clarify their goals and draw upon their strengths and resources to take actions on their problems by focusing on the ways their behavior is influenced (psychological, physical, and environmental). | Counseling Psychologist |
| Doctors employed by school systems that identify and assist students who have problems that interfere with learning. | School Psychologist |
| Doctors who attempt to facilitate learning by focusing on course planning and instructional methods for an entire school system by researching theoretical issues related to learning, measurement, and child development. | Educational Psychologist |
| Doctors who study physical, cognitive, social, and personality changes in order to sort out the influences of heredity and the environment on development. | Personality Psychologist |
| Doctors who are concerned with the nature and causes of individual's thoughts, feelings, and behavior in social situations. | Social Psychologist |
| Doctors that study the influence from the natural environment and the human-made environment by studying the nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory, thought, motivation, and emotion. | Environmental Psychologist |
| Doctors who study people and work. | Industrial Psychologist |
| Doctors who study the behavior of people in organizations such as businesses. | Organizational Psychologist |
| Those who make technical systems such as automobile dashboards and computer keyboards to be more user friendly. | Human factors Psychologist |
| Doctors who study the behavior of shoppers in effort to to predict and influence their behaviors. | Consumer Psychologist |
| Doctors who examine the ways in which behavior and mental processes such as attitudes are related to physical health (headaches, cardiovascular disease, cancer). | Health Psychologist |
| Doctors who work with criminal justice agencies to apply psychological expertise. | Forensic Psychologist |
| Doctors who help people improve their performance in sports. | Sport Psychologist |
| Deliberate looking into one's own cognitive processes to examine one's thoughts and feelings and to gain self-knowledge. | Introspection |
| The school of psychology that argues the mind consists of three basic elements - sensations, feelings, and images - that combine to form experience (founded by Wilhelm Wundt and his students). | Structuralism |
| The school of psychology that emphasizes the uses or functions of the mind and behavior rahther than just the elements of experience (founded by William James). | Functionalism |
| The school of psychology that defines psychology as the study of observable behavior and studies relationships between stimuli and responses (what Watson believed). | Behaviorism |
| A stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of the response. | Reinforcement |
| The school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate seperate stimuli into meaningful patterns. | Gestalt psychology |
| In Gestalt psychology, the sudden reorganization of perceptions, allowing the sudden solution of a problem. | Insight |
| The school of psychology that asserts that much of our behavior and mental processes are governed by unconscious idea and impulses that have their origins in childhood conflicts (founded by Freud). | Psychoanalysis |
| An inborn pattern of behavior that is triggered by a particular stimulus. | Instinctive |
| The approach to psychology that seeks to understand the nature of the links between biological processes and structures such as the functioning of the brain, the endocrine system,heredity, and behavior and mental processes. | Biological Perspective |
| The approach to psychology that focuses on the nature of consciousness and on mental processes (sensation, perception, memory, problem solving, decision making, judgment, language, and intelligence). | Cognitive Perspective |
| The philosophy and school of psychology that asserts that people are consious, self-aware, and capable of free choice, self-fufillment, and ethnical behavior. | Humanism |
| The view that people are free and responsible for their own behavior. | Existentialism |
| A school of psychology in the behaviorist tradition that includes cognitive factors in the explanation and prediction of behavior; formerly termed "social-learning theory". | Social-cognitive Theory |
| The use of mental processes to perceive and mentally represent that world, think, and engage in problem solving and decision making. | Cognition |
| The view that focuses on the roles of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in behavior and mental processes. | Sociocultural Perspective |
| A group characterized by common features such as cultural heritage, history, race, and language. | Ethnic Group |
| The culturally defined concepts of masculinity and femininity. | Gender |
Created by:
SSalvage139
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