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Psychology Ch.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| psychology | the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior |
| levels of analysis | rungs on a ladder of analysis, with lower levels tied most closely to biological influences and higher level tied most closely to social influences |
| multiply determined | caused by many factors |
| naive realism | belief that we see the world precisely as it is |
| confirmation bias | tendency to seek out evidence that supports our hypotheses and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them |
| belief perseverance | tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them |
| metaphysical claim | assertion about the world that is not testable |
| pseudoscience | set of claims that seems scientific but aren't |
| ad hoc immunizing hypothesis | escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsifiation |
| apophenia | tendency to perceive meaningful connections among unrelated phenomena |
| pareidolia | tendency to perceive meaningful images in meaningless visual stimuli |
| terror management theory | theory proposing that our awareness of our death leaves us with an underlying sense of terror with which we cope by adopting reassuring cultural worldviews |
| scientific skepticism | approach of evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting them |
| correlation-causation fallacy | error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must be the cause of the other |
| falsifiable | capable of being disproved |
| replicability | when a study's findings are able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators |
| introspection | method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences |
| structuralism | school of psychology that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience |
| behaviorism | school of psychology that focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior |
| functionalism | school of psychology that aimed to understand the adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics |
| psychoanalysis | school of psychology that focuses on internal psychological processes of which we're unaware |
| cognitive psychology | school of psychology that proposes that thinking is central to understanding behavior |
| cognitive neuroscience | relatively new field of psychology that examines the relation between brain functioning and thinking |
Created by:
rlhaas
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